H.R. 698 (119th)Bill Overview

Asylum Accountability Act

Immigration|Immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 23, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends 8 U.S.C. 1229a(b)(7) to remove the existing 10-year limit on ineligibility for adjustment of status for aliens ordered removed after failing to appear at a removal proceeding. As written, the change makes that ineligibility effectively permanent, except where "exceptional circumstances" apply.

Why people may split

Progressives stress humanitarian and due-process harms

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, narrowly focused substantive amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act that replaces a 10-year temporary bar with a permanent bar by striking a specific statutory phrase.

This bill amends 8 U.S.C. 1229a(b)(7) to remove the existing 10-year limit on ineligibility for adjustment of status for aliens ordered removed after failing to appear at a removal proceeding.

As written, the change makes that ineligibility effectively permanent, except where "exceptional circumstances" apply.

The bill contains a single, targeted statutory modification removing the temporal limitation.

Passage25/100

Narrow text increases clarity but high controversy, weak compromise features, and Senate difficulty make enactment unlikely absent broader dealmaking.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, narrowly focused substantive amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act that replaces a 10-year temporary bar with a permanent bar by striking a specific statutory phrase. The textual mechanism is precise. However, it omits fiscal, definitional, transitional, and oversight detail that would clarify administrative implementation and consequences.

Contention72/100

Progressives stress humanitarian and due-process harms

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitDeters noncitizens from missing removal hearings by increasing long-term consequences, potentially improving appearance…
  • Potential benefitReinforces compliance with immigration court procedures and strengthens enforcement of removal orders.
  • Federal agenciesMay conserve agency resources by reducing later adjustment applications from persons with prior no-show removal orders.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes a permanent penalty for missing hearings, raising due-process and proportionality concerns.
  • Potential burdenCould bar bona fide asylum seekers who missed hearings because of trauma, abuse, or counsel errors.
  • Federal agenciesMay increase litigation as individuals contest 'exceptional circumstances' determinations, raising court and agency wor…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives stress humanitarian and due-process harms
Progressive15%

Likely to oppose the bill as excessively punitive toward migrants and asylum seekers.

They would argue it removes an important chance for relief and disproportionately harms vulnerable people who miss hearings for legitimate reasons.

They would call for stronger due-process protections and narrow, clearly defined exceptions.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Mixed reaction: appreciates the goal of enforcing immigration orders and reducing gaming, but worries about the harshness of a permanent bar.

Would seek data, narrowly tailored exceptions, and administrative safeguards to avoid unintended humanitarian harms and litigation.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Generally supportive: views the bill as closing a loophole that allows noncompliant aliens future access to green cards.

Sees permanence as necessary to deter missing hearings and protect integrity of immigration system.

Might still want limited safeguards to prevent abuse of exceptions.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood25/100

Narrow text increases clarity but high controversy, weak compromise features, and Senate difficulty make enactment unlikely absent broader dealmaking.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No definition or criteria for "exceptional circumstances" in text
  • Absent cost estimate or CBO score
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives stress humanitarian and due-process harms

Narrow text increases clarity but high controversy, weak compromise features, and Senate difficulty make enactment unlikely absent broader…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, narrowly focused substantive amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act that replaces a 10-year temporary bar with a permanent bar by striking a spe…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis