H.R. 77 (119th)Bill Overview

Midnight Rules Relief Act

Government Operations and Politics|Administrative law and regulatory proceduresCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends 5 U.S.C. chapter 8 (the Congressional Review Act) to allow Congress to include multiple "midnight" rules in a single joint resolution of disapproval when each rule's report was submitted during a President's final year. It also prescribes sample language for the resolving clause to list multiple rules and state that such rules "shall have no force or effect." The change is procedural: it permits en bloc (grouped) disapproval of last‑year rules rather than requiring separate resolutions for each rule.

Why people may split

Liberals stress harm to regulatory protections; conservatives stress oversight and rollback benefits

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise, targeted statutory amendment that clearly integrates into the existing Congressional Review Act framework to permit en bloc joint resolutions of disapproval for rules submitted during a President's final year.

The bill amends 5 U.S.C. chapter 8 (the Congressional Review Act) to allow Congress to include multiple "midnight" rules in a single joint resolution of disapproval when each rule's report was submitted during a President's final year.

It also prescribes sample language for the resolving clause to list multiple rules and state that such rules "shall have no force or effect." The change is procedural: it permits en bloc (grouped) disapproval of last‑year rules rather than requiring separate resolutions for each rule.

Passage35/100

Narrow, low-cost change but politically sensitive; passage hinges on Senate procedural dynamics and majority willingness.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise, targeted statutory amendment that clearly integrates into the existing Congressional Review Act framework to permit en bloc joint resolutions of disapproval for rules submitted during a President's final year.

Contention75/100

Liberals stress harm to regulatory protections; conservatives stress oversight and rollback benefits

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedPermitting process

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitEnables Congress to rescind multiple late-term rules in a single vote, speeding legislative action.
  • Potential benefitCould reduce compliance costs for businesses by overturning several new regulations at once.
  • Potential benefitMay strengthen legislative oversight by making review of final-year rules more efficient.
Likely burdened
  • Permitting processMay permit partisan or omnibus repeal of multiple rules, increasing political use of the CRA.
  • Potential burdenCould nullify rules that provide public-health, safety, or environmental protections.
  • Potential burdenMay increase legal challenges about scope, timing, and validity of en bloc disapprovals.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals stress harm to regulatory protections; conservatives stress oversight and rollback benefits
Progressive20%

Likely wary or opposed.

The persona views this as a procedural tool that makes it easier to roll back last‑minute regulations enacted to protect workers, the environment, or civil rights.

They worry it concentrates partisan power and reduces deliberation on consequential rules.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Cautiously mixed.

The persona recognizes efficiency gains in allowing en bloc disapproval but is concerned about concentrating decisionmaking and reducing deliberation.

Support depends on safeguards, limits, and clarity in statutory language to avoid abuse and legal uncertainty.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Generally supportive.

The persona sees this as a useful enforcement and oversight tool to undo outgoing administrations' last‑minute regulations efficiently.

They view it as restoring legislative authority over agency rulemaking and curbing regulatory overreach.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Narrow, low-cost change but politically sensitive; passage hinges on Senate procedural dynamics and majority willingness.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Whether Senate filibuster/60-vote threshold applies to enactment
  • Potential legal challenges to revised CRA application
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

HOUSE · Feb 12, 2025
Final passage✓ PassedClose voteParty-line

The House passed this bill. It now goes to the other chamber, and eventually to the President for signature.

What is a final passage?

The final vote on whether the bill becomes law (pending the other chamber and the President).

Yes 51% No 49%
Against party line
Showing a quick cross-section of legislators, with followed members first when available.
HOUSE · Feb 12, 2025
Send back to committee✗ FailedClose voteParty-line

The attempt to send the bill back to committee failed. The bill continues moving forward.

What is a send back to committee?

A motion to recommit sends a bill back to committee, often as a last-ditch attempt to stop it.

Yes 49% No 51%
Showing a quick cross-section of legislators, with followed members first when available.
06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals stress harm to regulatory protections; conservatives stress oversight and rollback benefits

Narrow, low-cost change but politically sensitive; passage hinges on Senate procedural dynamics and majority willingness.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise, targeted statutory amendment that clearly integrates into the existing Congressional Review Act framework to permit en bloc joint resolutions of disappr…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis