S. 113 (119th)Bill Overview

Promoting New Bank Formation Act of 2025

Finance and Financial Sector|Finance and Financial Sector
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 16, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill requires federal banking regulators to allow a three-year phase-in for de novo (new) banks to meet federal capital requirements, with special lower Community Bank Leverage Ratio treatment for qualifying rural community banks. It creates a 30-day review deadline for approved business-plan changes (deemed approved if no action), authorizes agricultural lending authority for Federal savings associations, and directs regulators to study causes of low de novo bank formation and report to Congress within one year.

Why people may split

Access vs safety: left stresses depositor safety; right stresses access and deregulation.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes clear substantive policy changes to ease initial capital and supervisory burdens on de novo and rural community banks and mandates a study, and it does so with a mix of explicit statutory metrics and delegated rulemaking.

This bill requires federal banking regulators to allow a three-year phase-in for de novo (new) banks to meet federal capital requirements, with special lower Community Bank Leverage Ratio treatment for qualifying rural community banks.

It creates a 30-day review deadline for approved business-plan changes (deemed approved if no action), authorizes agricultural lending authority for Federal savings associations, and directs regulators to study causes of low de novo bank formation and report to Congress within one year.

Passage45/100

Modest, targeted deregulatory measure with bipartisan appeal to community banks but faces regulatory pushback and procedural hurdles.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes clear substantive policy changes to ease initial capital and supervisory burdens on de novo and rural community banks and mandates a study, and it does so with a mix of explicit statutory metrics and delegated rulemaking.

Contention60/100

Access vs safety: left stresses depositor safety; right stresses access and deregulation.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces initial capital burdens, potentially encouraging more de novo bank charters.
  • Potential benefitCould expand banking services and lending access in underserved rural and urban communities.
  • Federal agenciesExplicit agricultural lending authority for Federal savings associations may boost rural farm credit availability.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenTemporary lower capital standards could increase insolvency risk and potential FDIC insurance losses.
  • Potential burdenLower initial capital requirements may create moral hazard and incentives for riskier bank behavior.
  • Potential burdenNew de novo flexibility could prompt regulatory arbitrage between charters or geographies.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Access vs safety: left stresses depositor safety; right stresses access and deregulation.
Progressive60%

Likely cautiously supportive of measures that expand banking access in underserved rural areas, while worried about weaker capital requirements.

Would emphasize protections for depositors, consumers, and disadvantaged communities and demand robust oversight and reporting tied to the mandated study.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Sees pragmatic value in lowering barriers to entry for de novo banks to restore local banking services, provided regulators implement clear guardrails.

Will look to the mandated study and rulemaking to ensure financial stability and measurable outcomes.

Leans supportive
Conservative95%

Generally favorable; views the bill as sensible deregulatory relief to encourage bank formation and rural economic development.

Appreciates streamlined approvals, lower initial capital thresholds, and expanded agricultural lending authority.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Modest, targeted deregulatory measure with bipartisan appeal to community banks but faces regulatory pushback and procedural hurdles.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Presence or absence of a CBO/score and cost estimate
  • Regulatory agencies' willingness to implement relaxed capital rules
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Access vs safety: left stresses depositor safety; right stresses access and deregulation.

Modest, targeted deregulatory measure with bipartisan appeal to community banks but faces regulatory pushback and procedural hurdles.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes clear substantive policy changes to ease initial capital and supervisory burdens on de novo and rural community banks and mandates a study, and it does so…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis