S. 1197 (119th)Bill Overview

SNAP Reform and Upward Mobility Act of 2025

Agriculture and Food|Agriculture and Food
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 27, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This bill requires the Census Bureau and agencies to collect and reconcile detailed administrative data to create an alternative poverty measure and establish a short-lived commission to value federal benefits.

It makes multiple changes to SNAP: adds employment/self-sufficiency goals, adjusts work rules, requires state reporting and matching funds for administration, tightens eligibility and fraud/cooperation rules, limits EBT authorized users, increases retailer sanctions and reporting, and allows states to retain and use certain recaptured funds for fraud investigations.

Passage25/100

High substantive controversy, fiscal impacts, privacy concerns, and complexity reduce chances absent major revision or bipartisan dealmaking.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is accompanied by substantial reporting and study elements. The statutory text is specific in many respects (precise amendments, schedules, reporting deadlines, and enforcement mechanisms) and integrates with existing law through targeted citations. It delegates methodological detail to agency experts and a temporary Commission while establishing accountability through reports and GAO comparisons.

Contention70/100

Liberals emphasize privacy and access harms; conservatives emphasize work and fraud control.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Federal agenciesStates
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersMore comprehensive data may produce more accurate poverty rates and anti-poverty program evaluation.
  • Federal agenciesA valuation commission could standardize monetary treatment of noncash Federal benefits.
  • Targeted stakeholdersWork requirement clarifications and training reporting might incentivize employment and track outcomes.
Likely burdened
  • StatesPhasing State matching to 50 percent will likely raise State fiscal burdens and budgeting pressures.
  • Targeted stakeholdersCollecting and sharing person-level benefit and tax data increases privacy and data security risk.
  • Targeted stakeholdersStricter eligibility and work compliance rules may cause some vulnerable households to lose benefits.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize privacy and access harms; conservatives emphasize work and fraud control.
Progressive20%

Likely skeptical overall.

Supportive of better poverty measurement but concerned the SNAP changes will restrict access and impose privacy and administrative burdens.

Worries that state matching and stricter conditions could reduce benefits or disincentivize enrollment.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Mixed; views measurement and transparency provisions positively but has concerns about implementation and fiscal impacts.

Sees value in employment outcomes reporting and retailer enforcement, but cautious about mandatory state matching and possible coverage losses.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

Generally favorable.

Supports stronger work emphasis, fraud prevention, state responsibility, and retailer punishments.

Views improved measurement as useful but secondary to SNAP reforms that promote self-sufficiency and reduce misuse.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood25/100

High substantive controversy, fiscal impacts, privacy concerns, and complexity reduce chances absent major revision or bipartisan dealmaking.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
86%
Complexityhigh
Why this could stall
  • No CBO cost estimate provided
  • State willingness to absorb rising matching costs
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize privacy and access harms; conservatives emphasize work and fraud control.

High substantive controversy, fiscal impacts, privacy concerns, and complexity reduce chances absent major revision or bipartisan dealmakin…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is accompanied by substantial reporting and study elements. The statutory text is specific in many respects (precise amendments, s…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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