S. 1363 (119th)Bill Overview

New Mexico Land Grant-Mercedes Historical or Traditional Use Cooperation and Coordination Act

Public Lands and Natural Resources|Advisory bodiesCemeteries and funerals
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Apr 9, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill requires the Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior to negotiate memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with the New Mexico Land Grant Council to coordinate historical or traditional uses of Federal land by qualified New Mexico land grant‑mercedes. It defines covered uses (gathering, limited grazing, cemetery and shrine maintenance, water use, small‑scale resource collection, etc.), procedures for permits, fee reduction consideration, consultation with Indian Tribes, and inclusion of these uses in Federal land use planning.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize cultural access and socioeconomic fee relief.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-focused administrative/operational measure that prescribes interagency coordination via memoranda of understanding and directs incorporation of historical/traditional use considerations into land-use planning.

This bill requires the Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior to negotiate memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with the New Mexico Land Grant Council to coordinate historical or traditional uses of Federal land by qualified New Mexico land grant‑mercedes.

It defines covered uses (gathering, limited grazing, cemetery and shrine maintenance, water use, small‑scale resource collection, etc.), procedures for permits, fee reduction consideration, consultation with Indian Tribes, and inclusion of these uses in Federal land use planning.

MOUs may address routine and major infrastructure maintenance or improvements, notice-and-comment procedures, and cannot themselves create new rights or modify Tribal or State authorities.

Passage65/100

Location-specific, administrative coordination with protections for existing rights and consultation reduces opposition; modest procedural/floor hurdles remain.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-focused administrative/operational measure that prescribes interagency coordination via memoranda of understanding and directs incorporation of historical/traditional use considerations into land-use planning. It provides clear definitions and substantive MOU content requirements, assigns roles, and sets an initial deadline for agency action.

Contention68/100

Progressives emphasize cultural access and socioeconomic fee relief.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · CommunitiesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesClarifies permit processes and eligible traditional uses for community users on Federal lands.
  • Potential benefitAuthorizes consideration of fee reductions or waivers based on socioeconomic conditions and budgets.
  • CommunitiesEnables routine maintenance and small infrastructure repairs to preserve cultural and community sites.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAgencies will incur administrative costs and workload to negotiate, implement, and monitor MOUs.
  • Federal agenciesPermitted mechanized or vehicle use and major improvements could increase environmental disturbance on Federal lands.
  • Potential burdenAmbiguity about authorization thresholds may lead to litigation or contested interpretations.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize cultural access and socioeconomic fee relief.
Progressive90%

Likely supportive because the bill recognizes and institutionalizes community historical and cultural uses by land grant communities.

It advances access for heirs and community governance, includes socioeconomic fee considerations, and requires consultation with Tribes—though the strength of protections depends on MOU implementation and funding, which is uncertain.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally supportive of a measured, procedural approach to coordinate historical uses, while insisting on clear limits and compliance with existing law.

Views this as a framework rather than a rights‑granting measure; interest centers on administrative clarity, costs, and avoiding conflicts with multiple‑use land management.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

Skeptical due to expanded special‑purpose access and potential added regulatory procedures on Federal land.

Concerned about precedent for preferential treatment, costs to agencies, and possible impacts on multiple‑use management and property interests, even though the bill disclaims creating new rights.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood65/100

Location-specific, administrative coordination with protections for existing rights and consultation reduces opposition; modest procedural/floor hurdles remain.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or budgetary scoring provided
  • Potential environmental or NEPA conflicts for major improvements
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize cultural access and socioeconomic fee relief.

Location-specific, administrative coordination with protections for existing rights and consultation reduces opposition; modest procedural/…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-focused administrative/operational measure that prescribes interagency coordination via memoranda of understanding and directs incorporation of historical/t…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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