S. 1402 (119th)Bill Overview

Returning Education to Our States Act

Education|Education
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Apr 9, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill would abolish the U.S. Department of Education one year after enactment, repeal its organizing statute, and transfer most programs and authorities to other federal departments. Key transfers include K–12 block grants and certain programs to the Department of Health and Human Services, student financial aid and several research and assessment functions to the Department of the Treasury, workforce and vocational programs to the Department of Labor, Indian education to Interior, some programs to Defense and State, and IDEA and other disability-related programs to HHS.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize civil rights and accountability risks.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, substantively transformative legislative draft that provides detailed statutory mappings and a defined transition framework but omits quantified fiscal detail and some program-level implementation and oversight specifics.

This bill would abolish the U.S. Department of Education one year after enactment, repeal its organizing statute, and transfer most programs and authorities to other federal departments.

Key transfers include K–12 block grants and certain programs to the Department of Health and Human Services, student financial aid and several research and assessment functions to the Department of the Treasury, workforce and vocational programs to the Department of Labor, Indian education to Interior, some programs to Defense and State, and IDEA and other disability-related programs to HHS.

The Office for Civil Rights would be abolished and the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division would assume enforcement of federal education civil rights laws.

Passage10/100

Major institutional overhaul, high controversy, unclear fiscal impacts, and complex implementation make enactment unlikely absent wide cross-aisle support.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, substantively transformative legislative draft that provides detailed statutory mappings and a defined transition framework but omits quantified fiscal detail and some program-level implementation and oversight specifics.

Contention75/100

Progressives emphasize civil rights and accountability risks.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
States · Federal agenciesBorrowers · Federal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • StatesReturns primary education funding and policy control to states through flexible block grants.
  • Potential benefitConsolidates education programs into agencies with related missions, potentially improving program alignment.
  • Federal agenciesEliminates a cabinet department, which supporters say reduces federal bureaucracy and duplication.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAbolishing OCR may weaken specialized civil rights enforcement tailored to education settings.
  • BorrowersTransferring student aid to Treasury could disrupt loan servicing and borrower support during transition.
  • Federal agenciesFragmenting education programs across multiple agencies may reduce federal coordination and national policy coherence.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize civil rights and accountability risks.
Progressive15%

This persona would likely oppose the bill as a rollback of federal leadership in education and a threat to uniform civil rights protections.

They would worry that block grants and transfers reduce accountability, weaken protections for marginalized students, and risk funding cuts.

They would emphasize retention of legal protections but call for stronger enforcement mechanisms and funding guarantees.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

A centrist would see potential efficiency and federalism gains from reducing duplication, but would be cautious about implementation risk.

They would want clarity on funding levels, enforcement of civil rights, and a realistic transition plan to avoid service interruptions.

They would look for measurable assurances, audits, and Congressional oversight in the reorganization plan.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

A mainstream conservative would likely welcome returning authority to states and reducing a federal agency.

They would view block grants and transfers as increasing local control and shrinking federal bureaucracy.

Some would be cautious about continued federal spending and the role of Treasury in student aid, but generally supportive if transfers proceed and federal oversight is limited.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood10/100

Major institutional overhaul, high controversy, unclear fiscal impacts, and complex implementation make enactment unlikely absent wide cross-aisle support.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
86%
Complexityhigh
Why this could stall
  • No CBO or score included to quantify fiscal impacts
  • Practical effects on federal student loan administration unclear
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize civil rights and accountability risks.

Major institutional overhaul, high controversy, unclear fiscal impacts, and complex implementation make enactment unlikely absent wide cros…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, substantively transformative legislative draft that provides detailed statutory mappings and a defined transition framework but omits quantified fiscal de…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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