S. 1404 (119th)Bill Overview

Combating Organized Retail Crime Act

Crime and Law Enforcement|Crime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
Apr 10, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends federal criminal statutes to better cover organized retail and supply-chain theft (including aggregating multiple thefts into federal offenses) and expands money-laundering and forfeiture authorities tied to those crimes. It creates an Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime Coordination Center within Homeland Security Investigations to coordinate federal, State, local, Tribal, and private-sector partners, share information, produce reports, and provide training.

Why people may split

Role of ICE/HSI leadership: civil‑liberties concerns vs enforcement focus

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy measure that combines statutory amendments to federal criminal statutes with the establishment of an operational interagency Center to coordinate investigations and information sharing on organized retail and supply‑chain crime.

The bill amends federal criminal statutes to better cover organized retail and supply-chain theft (including aggregating multiple thefts into federal offenses) and expands money-laundering and forfeiture authorities tied to those crimes.

It creates an Organized Retail and Supply Chain Crime Coordination Center within Homeland Security Investigations to coordinate federal, State, local, Tribal, and private-sector partners, share information, produce reports, and provide training.

The Center would be staffed by detailees from multiple federal agencies, allow operationally necessary information sharing (with some confidentiality exceptions), and include a 7-year sunset.

Passage38/100

Moderate likelihood: practical, law‑enforcement focused bill with compromise features, but requires appropriations and navigates federalism/privacy concerns.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy measure that combines statutory amendments to federal criminal statutes with the establishment of an operational interagency Center to coordinate investigations and information sharing on organized retail and supply‑chain crime.

Contention65/100

Role of ICE/HSI leadership: civil‑liberties concerns vs enforcement focus

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesImproved federal coordination can increase cross‑jurisdiction investigations and prosecutions of organized retail crime.
  • Potential benefitLower aggregation thresholds and added statutes may enable greater seizure and forfeiture of criminal proceeds.
  • Potential benefitAnnual trend reports and centralized intelligence could help retailers and law enforcement better target prevention eff…
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsCreating a federal center may federalize offenses often prosecuted at the state or local level.
  • Potential burdenInformation sharing exceptions risk disclosure of confidential commercial or personal data.
  • Potential burdenEstablishing and operating the Center will likely require new DHS and DOJ resources and appropriations.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Role of ICE/HSI leadership: civil‑liberties concerns vs enforcement focus
Progressive35%

Supportive of stronger protections for workers and supply chains but wary about expanded federal enforcement powers and corporate partnerships.

Concerned that aggregation and federalization could criminalize poverty and that ICE-led leadership risks immigration entanglement.

Wants strict civil liberties and privacy safeguards before endorsing full implementation.

Likely resistant
Centrist70%

Generally favorable because it fills coordination gaps and supports law enforcement and retailers, but cautious about design details.

Wants oversight, cost transparency, and civil‑liberties safeguards to prevent mission creep and protect non-criminals.

Views the sunset and reporting requirements as useful oversight tools.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

Largely supportive as a law‑and‑order measure that helps businesses recover losses and deters organized theft rings.

Values enhanced federal tools, forfeiture and money‑laundering connections, and private-sector cooperation.

Minor concerns about adding bureaucracy, but supports strong enforcement capabilities.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood38/100

Moderate likelihood: practical, law‑enforcement focused bill with compromise features, but requires appropriations and navigates federalism/privacy concerns.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No explicit appropriation language or cost estimate included
  • Potential civil‑liberties concerns about expanded information sharing
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Role of ICE/HSI leadership: civil‑liberties concerns vs enforcement focus

Moderate likelihood: practical, law‑enforcement focused bill with compromise features, but requires appropriations and navigates federalism…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy measure that combines statutory amendments to federal criminal statutes with the establishment of an operational interagency Center to coordin…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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