S. 1423 (119th)Bill Overview

Hammers' Law

Transportation and Public Works|Transportation and Public Works
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
Apr 10, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Amends 46 U.S.C. 30307 to allow recovery of nonpecuniary damages (loss of care, comfort, companionship) in actions arising from cruise ship voyages on the high seas. Defines "cruise ship" as passenger vessels carrying at least 250 passengers, with sleeping facilities, that embark or disembark passengers in the United States and are not on coastwise voyages.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize victims' remedies and accountability

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly states its objective and integrates through direct edits to 46 U.S.C. §30307 and the table of sections.

Amends 46 U.S.C. 30307 to allow recovery of nonpecuniary damages (loss of care, comfort, companionship) in actions arising from cruise ship voyages on the high seas.

Defines "cruise ship" as passenger vessels carrying at least 250 passengers, with sleeping facilities, that embark or disembark passengers in the United States and are not on coastwise voyages.

Inserts cruise ship voyages alongside commercial aviation in relevant subsections and updates the statutory heading and table of sections.

Passage40/100

Technically narrow and non-ideological, but increases private liability and faces concentrated industry opposition and competing legislative priorities.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly states its objective and integrates through direct edits to 46 U.S.C. §30307 and the table of sections. It supplies relevant definitions and narrows applicability through specific criteria for 'cruise ship.'

Contention68/100

Liberals emphasize victims' remedies and accountability

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitAuthorizes recovery of nonpecuniary damages for eligible cruise ship passengers and survivors.
  • Potential benefitBrings cruise passenger remedies into parity with commercial aviation provisions in this statute.
  • Potential benefitMay increase compensation available to families for loss of companionship or care.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenExpands liability exposure for large cruise lines, potentially increasing legal costs.
  • Potential burdenMay raise insurance premiums for cruise operators that meet the bill's threshold.
  • Potential burdenPossible upward pressure on ticket prices as carriers offset higher liability and insurance costs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize victims' remedies and accountability
Progressive90%

Likely supportive as a measure increasing accountability for cruise lines and improving remedies for victims and families.

Views the bill as closing a gap in maritime liability law for large passenger vessels operating from US ports.

Would want robust access to courts and full recovery for loss of companionship.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally favorable but cautious.

Sees the bill as a reasonable, targeted expansion of liability for large cruise ships embarking in the U.S., while wanting clear limits on cost impacts and legal clarity.

Would seek technical fixes to jurisdiction, damages calculation, and unintended consequences.

Leans supportive
Conservative20%

Likely skeptical or opposed.

Views the bill as expanding liability on maritime operators, increasing litigation risk and regulatory costs.

Concerned about competitiveness of cruise operators and unintended economic effects from broader damage exposure.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technically narrow and non-ideological, but increases private liability and faces concentrated industry opposition and competing legislative priorities.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Anticipated strength of cruise-industry and insurer lobbying
  • Absent official cost or legal-opinion estimate in bill text
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize victims' remedies and accountability

Technically narrow and non-ideological, but increases private liability and faces concentrated industry opposition and competing legislativ…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly states its objective and integrates through direct edits to 46 U.S.C. §30307 and the table of sections. It supplies rele…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis