S. 149 (119th)Bill Overview

Public Safety First Act

Immigration|Immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 17, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends INA section 236(c) to require the Department of Homeland Security to detain certain noncitizens. It adds inadmissible aliens under 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(6)(A), (6)(C), or (7) who are charged with, arrested for, convicted of, or admit to burglary, theft, larceny, shoplifting, assault of a law enforcement officer, or any crime causing death or serious bodily injury.

Why people may split

Liberal emphasizes civil liberties, due process, and community policing impacts

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward statutory amendment that expands mandatory detention grounds by adding specified theft-related and violent offenses and imposing a detainer/custody obligation on DHS.

This bill amends INA section 236(c) to require the Department of Homeland Security to detain certain noncitizens.

It adds inadmissible aliens under 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(6)(A), (6)(C), or (7) who are charged with, arrested for, convicted of, or admit to burglary, theft, larceny, shoplifting, assault of a law enforcement officer, or any crime causing death or serious bodily injury.

The bill directs DHS to issue a detainer and take custody if the person is not otherwise detained, and it ties statutory terms to the definitions used in the jurisdiction where the acts occurred.

Passage40/100

Technically narrow but high ideological salience and litigation exposure reduce prospects; feasibility depends on chamber priorities and willingness to accept enforcement mandates and costs.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward statutory amendment that expands mandatory detention grounds by adding specified theft-related and violent offenses and imposing a detainer/custody obligation on DHS. It is precise in how it modifies existing statute but leaves out fiscal, procedural, and oversight detail.

Contention72/100

Liberal emphasizes civil liberties, due process, and community policing impacts

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedFederal agencies · Local governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitSupporters can say the bill removes alleged dangerous noncitizens from communities quickly.
  • Potential benefitIt standardizes DHS authority to detain certain offenders charged with theft-related crimes.
  • Potential benefitProponents may argue it aids law enforcement coordination via formal detainer requirements.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesCritics will note increased federal detention costs and associated DHS resource demands.
  • Potential burdenIt may expand detention of individuals who are only charged, raising due process concerns.
  • Local governmentsState and local jails could face greater administrative and operational burdens from detainer transfers.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberal emphasizes civil liberties, due process, and community policing impacts
Progressive20%

Likely to oppose the bill as an unnecessary expansion of mandatory detention that raises civil liberties and racial profiling concerns.

Would worry it removes local prosecutorial discretion and risks chilling community cooperation with police.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Mixed view: supports objectives of public safety and removing dangerous individuals, but concerned about mandatory detention, cost, and operational feasibility.

Would seek clarifications and safeguards before endorsement.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely to strongly support the bill as closing a perceived loophole that lets inadmissible or fraudulent-entry aliens avoid custody after criminal allegations.

Views it as strengthening public safety and law enforcement authority.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technically narrow but high ideological salience and litigation exposure reduce prospects; feasibility depends on chamber priorities and willingness to accept enforcement mandates and costs.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No congressional budget/fiscal estimate provided
  • Potential constitutional and detainer-related litigation risk
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberal emphasizes civil liberties, due process, and community policing impacts

Technically narrow but high ideological salience and litigation exposure reduce prospects; feasibility depends on chamber priorities and wi…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward statutory amendment that expands mandatory detention grounds by adding specified theft-related and violent offenses and imposing a detainer/custo…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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