S. 1512 (119th)Bill Overview

Protecting Military Servicemembers Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2025

Commerce|Commerce
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Apr 29, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill prohibits data brokers from selling, reselling, licensing, trading, or otherwise providing for consideration lists that compile non‑public personal information identifying current or former U.S. servicemembers to any "covered nation" or any person controlled by such a nation (as defined in 10 U.S.C. 4872(f)). Data brokers must include contractual prohibitions on downstream transfers to covered nations; conspiracy and evasion are forbidden.

Why people may split

Scope: whether to expand protections to contractors and families

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly structured substantive policy statute that defines the prohibited conduct, assigns enforcement roles to the FTC and state attorneys general, requires rulemaking within a fixed deadline, and mandates a Comptroller General review.

The bill prohibits data brokers from selling, reselling, licensing, trading, or otherwise providing for consideration lists that compile non‑public personal information identifying current or former U.S. servicemembers to any "covered nation" or any person controlled by such a nation (as defined in 10 U.S.C. 4872(f)).

Data brokers must include contractual prohibitions on downstream transfers to covered nations; conspiracy and evasion are forbidden.

Enforcement is delegated to the Federal Trade Commission (with rulemaking and civil litigation authority) and state attorneys general, and the Comptroller General must report to Congress within one year on enforcement and possible scope expansion.

Passage65/100

Narrow, security‑oriented privacy bill with modest fiscal effects and clear enforcement has reasonable chances, though industry pushback and procedural barriers exist.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly structured substantive policy statute that defines the prohibited conduct, assigns enforcement roles to the FTC and state attorneys general, requires rulemaking within a fixed deadline, and mandates a Comptroller General review. It integrates well with existing law and anticipates common avoidance tactics, while leaving some definitional and resourcing details to implementing rulemaking or further study.

Contention35/100

Scope: whether to expand protections to contractors and families

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces foreign adversary access to servicemember personal information and related targeting risks.
  • Potential benefitStrengthens privacy protections for servicemembers and their households against commercial dissemination.
  • Federal agenciesEstablishes a clear federal enforcement framework combining FTC rulemaking and state parens patriae authority.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenIncreases compliance costs for data brokers through vetting, contractual obligations, and recordkeeping requirements.
  • Potential burdenCould reduce availability of certain commercial data products that include or target servicemembers.
  • Potential burdenCreates litigation and regulatory uncertainty during FTC rulemaking and statutory interpretation.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Scope: whether to expand protections to contractors and families
Progressive85%

Generally supportive because it protects servicemembers' privacy and limits foreign-adversary access to sensitive personal data.

Likely to press for broader coverage (families, contractors) and sufficient FTC funding and strong enforcement.

Concerned about loopholes and exclusions for certain data types.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally favorable on national‑security grounds while cautious about implementation details and economic impacts.

Wants clear definitions, measured rulemaking, and assessment of compliance costs.

Supports oversight reporting and coordinated federal‑state enforcement if balanced and practicable.

Leans supportive
Conservative60%

Likely supportive of protecting servicemembers and countering foreign adversaries, but skeptical about expanding FTC regulatory authority and broad civil enforcement.

Prefers narrowly tailored national‑security tools, clearer limits on federal regulatory reach, and protections for small businesses.

Split reaction
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood65/100

Narrow, security‑oriented privacy bill with modest fiscal effects and clear enforcement has reasonable chances, though industry pushback and procedural barriers exist.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Scope of 'covered nation' depends on external statute definition
  • Industry legal challenges or lobbying intensity unknown
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Scope: whether to expand protections to contractors and families

Narrow, security‑oriented privacy bill with modest fiscal effects and clear enforcement has reasonable chances, though industry pushback an…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly structured substantive policy statute that defines the prohibited conduct, assigns enforcement roles to the FTC and state attorneys general, requires rul…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis