S. 1544 (119th)Bill Overview

Insurance Data Protection Act

Finance and Financial Sector|Finance and Financial Sector
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Apr 30, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill restricts federal financial regulators’ direct collection of nonpublic data from insurance companies. It removes certain subpoena/enforcement authority, requires regulators to seek data first from relevant federal or state agencies and public sources, and limits direct collection to cases compliant with the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Why people may split

Federal oversight vs. state primacy and limits on collection authority

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory change that is fairly specific in the statutory edits and procedural requirements it imposes (definitions, pre-collection coordination, PRA compliance, confidentiality protections), but it omits several implementation and accountability elements that would be expected for a cross-agency restriction on data collection.

The bill restricts federal financial regulators’ direct collection of nonpublic data from insurance companies.

It removes certain subpoena/enforcement authority, requires regulators to seek data first from relevant federal or state agencies and public sources, and limits direct collection to cases compliant with the Paperwork Reduction Act.

It strengthens confidentiality protections for insurer data, clarifies that sharing does not waive legal privileges, and constrains the Office of Financial Research’s subpoena reach regarding insurance companies.

Passage40/100

Narrow, deregulatory focus and industry/state appeal help prospects, but high federalism impact, regulator opposition, and cross-agency implications lower odds.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory change that is fairly specific in the statutory edits and procedural requirements it imposes (definitions, pre-collection coordination, PRA compliance, confidentiality protections), but it omits several implementation and accountability elements that would be expected for a cross-agency restriction on data collection.

Contention66/100

Federal oversight vs. state primacy and limits on collection authority

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · StatesFederal agencies · States

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesLimits direct federal data requests, reducing compliance burdens for insurance companies.
  • Potential benefitPreserves insurer legal privileges and confidentiality over nonpublic data provided to regulators.
  • StatesShifts primary data responsibility toward state insurance regulators and other existing sources.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesLimits federal regulators' direct access to insurer data needed for systemic risk analysis.
  • Potential burdenMay delay data acquisition due to required coordination and Paperwork Reduction Act reviews.
  • StatesCould increase administrative and staffing demands on state regulators to supply requested data.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Federal oversight vs. state primacy and limits on collection authority
Progressive20%

Likely skeptical and generally opposed.

Concerned this reduces federal regulators’ ability to gather timely data for systemic-risk monitoring, consumer protection, and oversight.

Views limits on subpoenas and added hurdles as weakening national prudential surveillance, though privacy protections are positive.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Mixed appraisal balancing privacy, federal efficiency, and oversight needs.

Appreciates coordination with state regulators and privilege protections but worries about procedural delays and diminished federal tools.

Would look for clarifying language ensuring timely access during emergencies.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

Generally supportive.

Sees the bill as reining in federal bureaucracy, preventing heavy-handed data collection, and preserving state primacy over insurance regulation.

Values added privacy and procedural safeguards limiting agency subpoenas and information grabs.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Narrow, deregulatory focus and industry/state appeal help prospects, but high federalism impact, regulator opposition, and cross-agency implications lower odds.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No formal cost estimate or agency impact analysis included
  • Unknown level of insurer and state regulator support
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Federal oversight vs. state primacy and limits on collection authority

Narrow, deregulatory focus and industry/state appeal help prospects, but high federalism impact, regulator opposition, and cross-agency imp…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory change that is fairly specific in the statutory edits and procedural requirements it imposes (definitions, pre-collection coordination, PRA…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis