S. 164 (119th)Bill Overview

Midnight Rules Relief Act of 2025

Government Operations and Politics|Administrative law and regulatory proceduresCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 21, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Amends chapter 8 of title 5, U.S. Code (the Congressional Review Act) to allow a single joint resolution of disapproval to list and disapprove multiple agency rules that were submitted during a President’s final year. Also revises the statutory text of the joint resolution resolving clause to permit en bloc identification of multiple rules and state that such listed rules shall have no force or effect.

Why people may split

Liberals warn of mass rollbacks; conservatives emphasize restoring oversight.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly focused statutory amendment that is generally well-targeted and clear about the textual changes to 5 U.S.C. governing joint resolutions of disapproval.

Amends chapter 8 of title 5, U.S. Code (the Congressional Review Act) to allow a single joint resolution of disapproval to list and disapprove multiple agency rules that were submitted during a President’s final year.

Also revises the statutory text of the joint resolution resolving clause to permit en bloc identification of multiple rules and state that such listed rules shall have no force or effect.

Passage45/100

Narrow, low‑cost technical change improves congressional leverage; politically salient and could stall in the Senate or be vetoed/litigated depending on broader institutional conflict.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly focused statutory amendment that is generally well-targeted and clear about the textual changes to 5 U.S.C. governing joint resolutions of disapproval. It supplies concrete amendment language and integrates directly with existing law.

Contention75/100

Liberals warn of mass rollbacks; conservatives emphasize restoring oversight.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
StatesWorkers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitEnables Congress to rescind multiple late-term regulations in one vote, speeding legislative oversight.
  • Potential benefitReduces potential compliance costs by making it easier to eliminate burdensome midnight rules quickly.
  • StatesProvides faster regulatory clarity for businesses and states facing multiple simultaneous late-term rules.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenRaises the risk that multiple unrelated protections will be nullified together, reducing individualized review.
  • WorkersCould eliminate environmental, consumer, or labor protections adopted late in an administration.
  • Potential burdenMay increase legal and market uncertainty by making late-term rules easier to overturn en masse.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals warn of mass rollbacks; conservatives emphasize restoring oversight.
Progressive25%

Likely views this as a procedural change that makes it easier for Congress to invalidate multiple executive-branch rules at once, particularly those issued at the end of a President’s term.

Will be concerned this becomes a partisan tool to rescind regulations protecting environment, labor, or civil rights.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Sees a legitimate procedural improvement for congressional oversight but worries about misuse and unintended consequences.

Would favor narrow, clearly defined application and safeguards to prevent routine partisan repudiation of agency decisions.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely supportive because it gives Congress a more efficient tool to rescind multiple late-term regulations from prior administrations.

Views it as restoring legislative oversight and preventing executive overreach via end-of-term rulemaking.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Narrow, low‑cost technical change improves congressional leverage; politically salient and could stall in the Senate or be vetoed/litigated depending on broader institutional conflict.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Whether the measure would attract unified support in both chambers
  • Potential for presidential veto or threat of veto
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals warn of mass rollbacks; conservatives emphasize restoring oversight.

Narrow, low‑cost technical change improves congressional leverage; politically salient and could stall in the Senate or be vetoed/litigated…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly focused statutory amendment that is generally well-targeted and clear about the textual changes to 5 U.S.C. governing joint resolutions of disapproval.…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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