S. 1864 (119th)Bill Overview

No Safe Harbor for the Enemy Act

Armed Forces and National Security|Armed Forces and National Security
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
May 22, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

The bill amends section 1260H of the FY2021 NDAA to add a new subsection making the Secretary of Defense's decision to add an entity to the required list of Chinese military companies final and not subject to review by any other official or any court.

It also redesignates two existing subsections.

The change removes administrative and judicial review of listing decisions under that provision.

Passage40/100

Bill is narrow and administratively simple but raises constitutional and oversight concerns that often trigger resistance or judicial challenge.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly focused statutory amendment that is precisely drafted to make Secretary of Defense decisions final and nonreviewable, but it has limited accompanying procedural, fiscal, or oversight detail.

Contention66/100

Urgency and national security vs. preservation of judicial review

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersStrengthens national security by enabling quicker designation of entities tied to foreign military activity.
  • Targeted stakeholdersReduces delays and litigation that could impede immediate restrictions on identified harmful entities.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMinimizes risk of exposing classified or sensitive deliberative information in court proceedings.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersEliminates judicial review, raising separation of powers and checks-and-balances concerns.
  • Targeted stakeholdersRisks wrongful or mistaken designation with limited remedies for affected entities.
  • Targeted stakeholdersCould harm U.S. companies or investors via reputational or commercial effects without recourse.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Urgency and national security vs. preservation of judicial review
Progressive45%

Mixed reaction: supportive of measures that protect national security but concerned about removing judicial and administrative review.

Worries focus on due process, transparency, and potential targeting of legitimate businesses or communities.

May seek stronger oversight or narrow tailoring before support.

Split reaction
Centrist55%

Cautious pragmatism: recognizes need for a tool to act quickly on national security threats but worries about constitutional separation of powers and unintended economic impacts.

Would favor safeguards such as narrow scope, reporting, and limited duration.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Generally favorable: values decisive executive authority to protect national security from Chinese military-linked firms.

Likely to view removal of judicial review as necessary to prevent courts from hampering defense measures.

May still favor clarity on scope.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Bill is narrow and administratively simple but raises constitutional and oversight concerns that often trigger resistance or judicial challenge.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Whether Armed Services Committee will advance the amendment
  • Likelihood of bipartisan support given civil liberties concerns
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Urgency and national security vs. preservation of judicial review

Bill is narrow and administratively simple but raises constitutional and oversight concerns that often trigger resistance or judicial chall…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly focused statutory amendment that is precisely drafted to make Secretary of Defense decisions final and nonreviewable, but it has limited accompanying pr…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis