S. 1902 (119th)Bill Overview

ETAP Act of 2025

Energy|Energy
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
May 22, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires the Secretary of Energy to establish an Energy Threat Analysis Program (ETAP) within the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, supported by the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. ETAP may create a physical Energy Threat Analysis Center, expand cooperation with federal intelligence and defense agencies, enhance situational awareness and threat analysis for the energy sector, and support public-private collaboration and response activities.

Why people may split

Transparency: FOIA/FACA exemptions worry liberals; conservatives see operational necessity.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill provides a clear establishment of an administrative program with defined management, objectives, interagency coordination, statutory protections for shared information, a sunset, and an explicit funding authorization; it stops short of detailed operational design, implementation sequencing, data governance procedures, and independent oversight provisions that would fully scaffold a complex, multi-stakeholder operational center.

The bill requires the Secretary of Energy to establish an Energy Threat Analysis Program (ETAP) within the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, supported by the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence.

ETAP may create a physical Energy Threat Analysis Center, expand cooperation with federal intelligence and defense agencies, enhance situational awareness and threat analysis for the energy sector, and support public-private collaboration and response activities.

The bill exempts the program from the Federal Advisory Committee Act, makes information shared with the program exempt from FOIA and similar laws, prohibits participation by certain "entities of concern," mandates annual reporting to Congress, authorizes $50 million for FY2025–2029, and sunsets the program after 10 years.

Passage45/100

Modest, operational security proposal with limited cost and bipartisan appeal but transparency and exemption provisions introduce political and oversight hurdles.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill provides a clear establishment of an administrative program with defined management, objectives, interagency coordination, statutory protections for shared information, a sunset, and an explicit funding authorization; it stops short of detailed operational design, implementation sequencing, data governance procedures, and independent oversight provisions that would fully scaffold a complex, multi-stakeholder operational center.

Contention48/100

Transparency: FOIA/FACA exemptions worry liberals; conservatives see operational necessity.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Workers · StatesStates

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitImproved situational awareness of energy sector threats enabling faster detection and response.
  • WorkersStronger public-private operational collaboration to share actionable threat intelligence and mitigation advice.
  • StatesCloser integration with intelligence and defense agencies to address nation-state cyber and physical threats.
Likely burdened
  • StatesExemptions from FOIA and state open-records laws substantially reduce public transparency and oversight.
  • Potential burdenExemption from FACA may limit formal stakeholder input and external accountability mechanisms.
  • Potential burdenSole-discretion assistance could produce inconsistent access and limited legal remedies for recipients.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Transparency: FOIA/FACA exemptions worry liberals; conservatives see operational necessity.
Progressive65%

Likely cautiously supportive of stronger energy-sector resilience and threat analysis but concerned about secrecy and civil liberties implications.

Support stems from protecting critical infrastructure and enabling R&D; concerns focus on FOIA and FACA exemptions and unchecked intelligence collaboration.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Generally favorable as a targeted, time-limited step to boost energy security and resilience.

Will weigh operational need for secrecy against transparency and seek reasonable oversight and cost controls.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

Likely supportive because it strengthens national security protections for the energy sector and increases cooperation with intelligence and defense agencies.

Appreciates restrictions on participation by risky foreign-linked entities and limited-term funding.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Modest, operational security proposal with limited cost and bipartisan appeal but transparency and exemption provisions introduce political and oversight hurdles.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Absent CBO score and formal cost estimate
  • Political sensitivity around FOIA and FACA exemptions
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Transparency: FOIA/FACA exemptions worry liberals; conservatives see operational necessity.

Modest, operational security proposal with limited cost and bipartisan appeal but transparency and exemption provisions introduce political…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill provides a clear establishment of an administrative program with defined management, objectives, interagency coordination, statutory protections for shared informatio…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis