S. 2040 (119th)Bill Overview

Connected Vehicle National Security Review Act

Armed Forces and National Security|Armed Forces and National Security
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jun 11, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill creates an Office of Information and Communications Technology and Services (OICTS) inside the Bureau of Industry and Security at the Department of Commerce to review, mitigate, and when necessary prohibit certain transactions involving information and communications technology and services (ICTS) or Commerce Control List items used in connected vehicles. It defines key terms (including covered transactions, entities and jurisdictions of concern such as the People’s Republic of China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea) and gives the Secretary broad investigative and enforcement authorities (subpoenas, seizures, criminal and civil penalties), plus rulemaking authority to define categories of transactions and mitigation measures.

Why people may split

Tradeoff between national-security benefits and procedural transparency: liberals emphasize civil-liberty safeguards; conservatives emphasize strong restrictive powers.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill creates a comprehensive substantive regulatory regime focused on ICTS in connected vehicles, with detailed definitions, review/mitigation authorities, enforcement tools, and statutory integration with existing export-control law, while providing some implementation sequencing (office structure, appointment rules, timing for risk assessments).

This bill creates an Office of Information and Communications Technology and Services (OICTS) inside the Bureau of Industry and Security at the Department of Commerce to review, mitigate, and when necessary prohibit certain transactions involving information and communications technology and services (ICTS) or Commerce Control List items used in connected vehicles.

It defines key terms (including covered transactions, entities and jurisdictions of concern such as the People’s Republic of China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea) and gives the Secretary broad investigative and enforcement authorities (subpoenas, seizures, criminal and civil penalties), plus rulemaking authority to define categories of transactions and mitigation measures.

The bill requires DNI risk assessments on supply-chain threats within 180 days and annually thereafter, establishes an industry/academic technical advisory committee, preserves prior executive-order-based regulations, and channels judicial challenges to the D.C. Circuit with special in camera and ex parte handling of sensitive materials.

Passage45/100

On content alone, the bill addresses high-priority national-security issues (ICTS supply chains, adversary-linked technology) and therefore has an attribute that often attracts bipartisan support; however, it is administratively complex, expands enforcement authorities substantially (including criminal penalties and restrictive judicial-review procedures), lacks explicit budget detail or sunset provisions, and may draw significant pushback from industry, trade stakeholders, and civil-liberties advocates—making enactment plausible but uncertain without compromise or inclusion in a larger, negotiated legislative vehicle.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill creates a comprehensive substantive regulatory regime focused on ICTS in connected vehicles, with detailed definitions, review/mitigation authorities, enforcement tools, and statutory integration with existing export-control law, while providing some implementation sequencing (office structure, appointment rules, timing for risk assessments).

Contention45/100

Tradeoff between national-security benefits and procedural transparency: liberals emphasize civil-liberty safeguards; conservatives emphasize strong restrictive powers.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesConsumers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesProvides federal authorities and tools to prevent foreign adversaries or listed entities from acquiring sensitive vehic…
  • Potential benefitCreates a specialized office and technical advisory committee that could improve coordination between industry, intelli…
  • Potential benefitBy restricting certain foreign-sourced components or transactions, the bill could incentivize investment in domestic su…
Likely burdened
  • ConsumersImposes new regulatory and compliance burdens on automakers, suppliers, and technology providers (including reporting,…
  • Potential burdenMay disrupt global supply chains and deter foreign investment or partnerships involving connected-vehicle ICT, particul…
  • Potential burdenConcentrates review authority and narrows judicial remedies (exclusive D.C. Circuit review, ex parte/in camera records,…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Tradeoff between national-security benefits and procedural transparency: liberals emphasize civil-liberty safeguards; conservatives emphasize strong restrictive powers.
Progressive70%

A mainstream liberal would likely view the bill as a national-security-oriented attempt to protect critical infrastructure (connected vehicles) from foreign adversaries, which aligns with protecting public safety.

They would appreciate the focus on supply-chain risk and the DNI assessments, but worry about the breadth of enforcement powers, heavy criminal penalties, and the potential for secrecy to undermine transparency, civil liberties, and due process.

They would also be attentive to consumer privacy and data-protection implications for connected-vehicle systems and want assurances that mitigation will not unfairly harm workers, competition, or technologies that serve public interest.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

A centrist/moderate would view the bill as a pragmatic national-security measure to close a specific gap — ICT and component risks in connected vehicles — using existing export-control and supply-chain tools located at Commerce.

They would welcome DNI input and the option to mitigate rather than outright ban transactions, but would want clearer standards, defined timelines, and coordination with existing processes (e.g., CFIUS) to avoid duplication and uncertainty for industry.

Procedural safeguards, transparent criteria for 'undue risk,' and proportionate penalties would be important to secure moderate support.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

A mainstream conservative would likely support the bill’s national-security objective, especially the focus on preventing access by entities or jurisdictions of concern (explicitly naming PRC, Russia, Iran, DPRK) to sensitive vehicle ICT.

They would view strong enforcement, prohibition authority, and unilateral regulatory power as useful tools against foreign adversaries.

However, they may worry about expansion of the federal bureaucracy, the potential for overreach or politicized enforcement, and regulatory burdens on U.S. manufacturers and suppliers that could hurt competitiveness.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

On content alone, the bill addresses high-priority national-security issues (ICTS supply chains, adversary-linked technology) and therefore has an attribute that often attracts bipartisan support; however, it is administratively complex, expands enforcement authorities substantially (including criminal penalties and restrictive judicial-review procedures), lacks explicit budget detail or sunset provisions, and may draw significant pushback from industry, trade stakeholders, and civil-liberties advocates—making enactment plausible but uncertain without compromise or inclusion in a larger, negotiated legislative vehicle.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
86%
Complexityhigh
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or appropriation language is included in the text; the size of new staffing and budgetary needs for the Office (and whether Congress will provide funds) is unknown.
  • Industry reaction (automakers, suppliers, telecommunications firms) and how that lobbying would shape amendments or concessions is unknown from the text.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Tradeoff between national-security benefits and procedural transparency: liberals emphasize civil-liberty safeguards; conservatives emphasi…

On content alone, the bill addresses high-priority national-security issues (ICTS supply chains, adversary-linked technology) and therefore…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill creates a comprehensive substantive regulatory regime focused on ICTS in connected vehicles, with detailed definitions, review/mitigation authorities, enforcement too…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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