S. 2122 (119th)Bill Overview

Jury ACCESS Act of 2025

Law|Law
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Democratic
Introduced
Jun 18, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends 28 U.S.C. §1862 to prohibit excluding individuals from Federal jury service on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. It adds sexual orientation and gender identity to the list of characteristics that cannot be used to disqualify or exclude jurors.

Why people may split

Whether this is a straightforward civil-rights clarification (liberal/centrist view) versus an unwanted expansion of federal rules and potential burden on courts (conservative view).

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise substantive amendment that directly adds sexual orientation and gender identity to the list of characteristics that may not be the basis for exclusion from Federal juries, integrating that change by modifying a specific provision of title 28.

This bill amends 28 U.S.C. §1862 to prohibit excluding individuals from Federal jury service on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

It adds sexual orientation and gender identity to the list of characteristics that cannot be used to disqualify or exclude jurors.

The text provided is brief and focuses specifically on nondiscrimination in federal jury selection.

Passage45/100

On content alone, the bill is a modest, administratively light change that courts can implement using existing procedures, which increases its prospects. However, the ideological sensitivity of extending explicit protections for sexual orientation and gender identity introduces political friction. Because it lacks fiscal costs or complex new structures, it is more likely than sweeping reforms to attract support, but it still faces nontrivial opposition and procedural hurdles, especially in the Senate.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise substantive amendment that directly adds sexual orientation and gender identity to the list of characteristics that may not be the basis for exclusion from Federal juries, integrating that change by modifying a specific provision of title 28.

Contention55/100

Whether this is a straightforward civil-rights clarification (liberal/centrist view) versus an unwanted expansion of federal rules and potential burden on courts (conservative view).

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesExpands civil-rights protections for LGBTQ+ individuals by explicitly prohibiting exclusion from federal juries on the…
  • Federal agenciesMay improve the representativeness and diversity of federal juries by preventing exclusion of qualifying jurors for the…
  • Potential benefitCould increase consistency and clarity in jury-selection law by codifying a categorical prohibition that complements ex…
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenMay generate additional litigation and Batson-type challenges alleging illegal strikes based on sexual orientation or g…
  • Potential burdenCould impose modest administrative burdens on courts (training judges and staff, developing procedures and evidentiary…
  • Potential burdenCreates evidentiary and practical difficulties because sexual orientation and gender identity are not always visible or…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether this is a straightforward civil-rights clarification (liberal/centrist view) versus an unwanted expansion of federal rules and potential burden on courts (conservative view).
Progressive90%

A mainstream liberal would view this bill favorably as a straightforward expansion of civil-rights protections into a civic duty context.

They would see it as closing a legal gap that allows bias to influence who is asked to serve on federal juries, improving representativeness and fairness.

They would expect the change to reinforce equal treatment for LGBTQ+ people in federal courts.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

A centrist or moderate would generally view the bill as a reasonable, narrowly targeted clarifying amendment to nondiscrimination law that extends existing principles to jury service.

They would like to ensure the change is administrable and does not create unintended complications in voir dire or court operations.

They would favor clear implementation guidance and modest resources for courts to adapt.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

A mainstream conservative would be cautious or skeptical about the bill.

Some conservatives who prioritize equality under the law might accept the principle of nondiscrimination in jury service, but others will view this as an unnecessary expansion of protected categories or federal intrusion into court administration.

They may be particularly concerned about implications for religious liberty, accommodation requirements, or impacts on how voir dire is conducted.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

On content alone, the bill is a modest, administratively light change that courts can implement using existing procedures, which increases its prospects. However, the ideological sensitivity of extending explicit protections for sexual orientation and gender identity introduces political friction. Because it lacks fiscal costs or complex new structures, it is more likely than sweeping reforms to attract support, but it still faces nontrivial opposition and procedural hurdles, especially in the Senate.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • The bill text as provided appears truncated or minimal — it inserts two protected categories into an existing statute but does not show full conforming language or enforcement detail; this drafting brevity may raise interpretive or implementation questions.
  • How the amendment would interact with existing jury-selection doctrines and case law in practice is unclear; that interaction could prompt litigation and shape judicial enforcement.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether this is a straightforward civil-rights clarification (liberal/centrist view) versus an unwanted expansion of federal rules and pote…

On content alone, the bill is a modest, administratively light change that courts can implement using existing procedures, which increases…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise substantive amendment that directly adds sexual orientation and gender identity to the list of characteristics that may not be the basis for exclusion fr…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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