S. 223 (119th)Bill Overview

Restoring the First Amendment and Right to Peaceful Civil Disobedience Act of 2025

Crime and Law Enforcement|Assault and harassment offensesCivil actions and liability
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 23, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill repeals 18 U.S.C. § 248, the federal Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) statute. Repeal would remove the federal criminal prohibitions specific to obstructing or intimidating access to reproductive-health facilities.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize patient safety and prevented intimidation.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward and precisely drafted statutory repeal: it clearly identifies the section to be removed, adjusts the table of sections, and specifies applicability to pending and future prosecutions.

This bill repeals 18 U.S.C. § 248, the federal Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) statute.

Repeal would remove the federal criminal prohibitions specific to obstructing or intimidating access to reproductive-health facilities.

The bill also amends the title table and makes the repeal applicable to prosecutions pending or commenced on or after enactment.

Passage10/100

Highly contentious subject, narrow but politically charged proposal, minimal compromise elements, low historical success for similar measures.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward and precisely drafted statutory repeal: it clearly identifies the section to be removed, adjusts the table of sections, and specifies applicability to pending and future prosecutions. The bill does not include explanatory findings, fiscal or resource acknowledgements, safeguards, or measures addressing broader legal interactions or unintended consequences.

Contention78/100

Progressives emphasize patient safety and prevented intimidation.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · Local governmentsLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitSupports may argue it protects peaceful civil disobedience and expressive conduct near clinics.
  • Federal agenciesMay reduce federal criminal prosecutions and associated DOJ enforcement costs related to clinic access.
  • Local governmentsCould be described as restoring state primary authority over protest and local law enforcement discretion.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCritics may say it will increase physical obstruction and interference with patients entering clinics.
  • Potential burdenMay reduce timely access to reproductive and other clinic-based health services for some patients.
  • Local governmentsLikely shifts enforcement burdens onto state and local police and prosecutors, increasing local costs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize patient safety and prevented intimidation.
Progressive5%

Strongly opposed.

Repealing §248 removes a federal tool that has been used to protect patients, staff, and clinics from obstruction, intimidation, and violence.

Supporters would likely argue free speech, but this persona sees public-safety and access harms.

Likely resistant
Centrist40%

Cautiously skeptical.

Values both First Amendment rights and public safety; wants evidence that repeal won't increase violence or block access.

Would seek narrow, evidence-based fixes or compromises rather than wholesale repeal.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Generally supportive.

Views repeal as restoring stronger First Amendment protections for peaceful protest and reducing perceived federal overreach.

Emphasizes nonviolent civil disobedience rights while disavowing violence.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood10/100

Highly contentious subject, narrow but politically charged proposal, minimal compromise elements, low historical success for similar measures.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO score included in text
  • How states will change enforcement post-repeal
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize patient safety and prevented intimidation.

Highly contentious subject, narrow but politically charged proposal, minimal compromise elements, low historical success for similar measur…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward and precisely drafted statutory repeal: it clearly identifies the section to be removed, adjusts the table of sections, and specifies applicabili…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis