S. 2259 (119th)Bill Overview

Protecting Military Bases from Connected Vehicles of Concern Act of 2025

Armed Forces and National Security|Armed Forces and National Security
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Jul 10, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill directs the Secretary of Defense to publish (by Jan 1, 2027) and maintain an annually reviewed list of “prohibited connected vehicles” that are designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction of a ‘‘foreign entity of concern.’’ After January 1, 2028, any connected vehicle on that list would be prohibited from being operated on military installations and other Department of Defense property. The Secretary must incorporate existing Federal rules when creating the list, consult with other agencies, and provide a June 1, 2027 briefing to congressional defense committees setting out an implementation plan, lead office, assessment metrics, compliance procedures, and resource needs.

Why people may split

Scope and definitions: liberals worry about privacy and overbreadth; conservatives want the list broad enough to be effective.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clear substantive prohibition and a framework for implementing that prohibition (list creation, deadlines, annual review, and an implementation-plan briefing).

This bill directs the Secretary of Defense to publish (by Jan 1, 2027) and maintain an annually reviewed list of “prohibited connected vehicles” that are designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction of a ‘‘foreign entity of concern.’’ After January 1, 2028, any connected vehicle on that list would be prohibited from being operated on military installations and other Department of Defense property.

The Secretary must incorporate existing Federal rules when creating the list, consult with other agencies, and provide a June 1, 2027 briefing to congressional defense committees setting out an implementation plan, lead office, assessment metrics, compliance procedures, and resource needs.

Key terms (connected vehicle, foreign entity of concern, military installation) are defined by references to existing statutes and regulations.

Passage50/100

On content alone, the bill is a limited, technical national-security measure with a clear administrative path for implementation and modest fiscal impact, features that historically make enactment more plausible than broad or costly legislation. The primary route for enactment would be inclusion in DoD-related must-pass vehicles or the annual defense authorization process. Remaining obstacles include operational implementation details, potential pushback from affected industry or individuals, and any debates about the scope of the 'foreign entity of concern' concept; these could be resolved in committee or via amendments, but they introduce uncertainty.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clear substantive prohibition and a framework for implementing that prohibition (list creation, deadlines, annual review, and an implementation-plan briefing). It integrates with existing definitions and rules and assigns responsibility to the Secretary of Defense.

Contention30/100

Scope and definitions: liberals worry about privacy and overbreadth; conservatives want the list broad enough to be effective.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesManufacturers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces risk of cyber intrusion, remote sabotage, or supply‑chain compromise on military property by excluding connecte…
  • Federal agenciesCreates a clear federal standard and process (list, annual review, interagency consultation) for identifying high‑risk…
  • Potential benefitIncentivizes procurement and use of connected vehicles from vetted or domestic suppliers, potentially shifting demand t…
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes administrative and enforcement costs on the Department of Defense and individual military installations to iden…
  • Potential burdenCould impose burdens on service members, civilian employees, contractors, and visitors who own or rely on prohibited co…
  • ManufacturersMay negatively affect manufacturers, suppliers, dealers, and related jobs tied to companies designated as owned/control…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Scope and definitions: liberals worry about privacy and overbreadth; conservatives want the list broad enough to be effective.
Progressive80%

A mainstream progressive would likely view the bill as a reasonable national-security precaution to protect service members and installations from surveillance, sabotage, or foreign influence embedded in connected vehicle systems.

They would appreciate the emphasis on supply-chain risk and the requirement for transparency (a public list and annual reviews).

At the same time, they would flag civil liberties and equity concerns if enforcement becomes intrusive or if the definition catches broadly distributed consumer technologies unnecessarily.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

A moderate pragmatist would see this as a defensible, targeted security measure that aims to close a plausible vulnerability on military property while leveraging existing federal rules and interagency coordination.

They would value the structured deadlines, the required implementation plan, and the annual review, but want clearer cost estimates and operational details before full endorsement.

The centrist would be attentive to tradeoffs: security gains versus implementation cost, legal exposure, and impacts on training, contractors, and allies.

Leans supportive
Conservative90%

A mainstream conservative would generally welcome a law that hardens military installations against technology controlled by adversarial foreign entities, viewing it as a necessary national-security measure.

They would emphasize swift, uncompromising implementation, strong enforcement, and using the policy to limit reliance on potentially hostile foreign suppliers.

They may be concerned about bureaucratic delay or watered-down rulemaking; however, because the bill applies only to DoD property and references established definitions, they would likely support it strongly.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood50/100

On content alone, the bill is a limited, technical national-security measure with a clear administrative path for implementation and modest fiscal impact, features that historically make enactment more plausible than broad or costly legislation. The primary route for enactment would be inclusion in DoD-related must-pass vehicles or the annual defense authorization process. Remaining obstacles include operational implementation details, potential pushback from affected industry or individuals, and any debates about the scope of the 'foreign entity of concern' concept; these could be resolved in committee or via amendments, but they introduce uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • The bill leaves unspecified whether the prohibition would apply to privately owned personal vehicles of service members, civilian DoD employees, contractors, or visitors, and how temporary or transient operations (e.g., driving through an installation) would be handled.
  • No cost estimate or appropriation is provided; it's unclear how much implementation and enforcement would cost and whether separate funding would be required or provided.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Scope and definitions: liberals worry about privacy and overbreadth; conservatives want the list broad enough to be effective.

On content alone, the bill is a limited, technical national-security measure with a clear administrative path for implementation and modest…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clear substantive prohibition and a framework for implementing that prohibition (list creation, deadlines, annual review, and an implementation-plan bri…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis