S. 2427 (119th)Bill Overview

Zero-Based Regulatory Budgeting to Unleash American Energy Act of 2025

Energy|Energy
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jul 24, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill requires the Department of Energy, specified offices in the Department of the Interior, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to impose automatic expiration (sunset) dates on covered regulations in enumerated statutory areas. Existing covered regulations must be amended within 90 days to expire one year after that amendment; regulations promulgated after enactment must expire within 5 years unless the agency head certifies and notifies OMB that the rule has a net deregulatory effect.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize the risk that sunsets will remove environmental, safety, and climate protections; conservatives emphasize regulatory relief and increased energy access.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive change imposing a uniform sunset regime on a defined set of energy‑related agency regulations.

This bill requires the Department of Energy, specified offices in the Department of the Interior, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to impose automatic expiration (sunset) dates on covered regulations in enumerated statutory areas.

Existing covered regulations must be amended within 90 days to expire one year after that amendment; regulations promulgated after enactment must expire within 5 years unless the agency head certifies and notifies OMB that the rule has a net deregulatory effect.

Agencies may extend sunsets by up to five years at a time only after public notice/comment on costs and benefits and an agency determination, with streamlined extension authority for amendments judged to be deregulatory.

Passage25/100

On content alone, the bill is a sweeping, ideologically salient deregulatory restructuring of multiple major federal programs. Such omnibus regulatory rollback mechanisms are typically contentious and difficult to pass without significant amendment, compromise, or packaging into larger must-pass legislation. The short time windows for existing regulations to be amended (90 days to impose 1-year sunsets) and lack of transition funding or explicit carve-outs reduce the bill’s immediate practicality and increase resistance from affected stakeholders and agencies, lowering its standalone chance of becoming law.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive change imposing a uniform sunset regime on a defined set of energy‑related agency regulations. It is precise in defining covered agencies and regulations and in setting timelines and extension procedures, but it omits key fiscal, enforcement, and exception handling details.

Contention70/100

Progressives emphasize the risk that sunsets will remove environmental, safety, and climate protections; conservatives emphasize regulatory relief and increased energy access.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces and limits ongoing regulatory obligations for industry by forcing periodic reauthorization of rules, which supp…
  • Federal agenciesCreates a formal, recurring review mechanism that proponents argue increases agency accountability and ensures regulati…
  • Potential benefitProvides a statutory path (waiver for rules with a net deregulatory effect) to remove or shorten the lifespan of recent…
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenIntroduces substantial regulatory uncertainty because many existing energy and environmental rules face automatic near-…
  • Potential burdenRaises the risk that important environmental, safety, and public-health protections enforced by the covered agencies co…
  • Potential burdenImposes administrative and resource burdens on agencies required to review, justify, and reissue or extend large number…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize the risk that sunsets will remove environmental, safety, and climate protections; conservatives emphasize regulatory relief and increased energy access.
Progressive10%

This persona would likely view the bill skeptically and largely unfavorably.

They would see the mandatory sunsets and strict expiration process as a mechanism that could rapidly eliminate environmental, safety, and consumer protections administered by DOE, DOI offices, and FERC unless agencies repeatedly rejustify them.

They would worry that the administrative burden and political pressure could lead to the loss of longstanding safeguards for climate, public health, and worker safety.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

A centrist would see legitimate value in periodic review of regulations and reducing unnecessary regulatory accumulation, but would be concerned about practical implementation and potential unintended consequences.

They would weigh the need for regulatory predictability against the benefits of pruning obsolete rules, and look for safeguards to prevent loss of critical protections or service disruptions.

They would likely view the bill as a mixed proposal that could be acceptable if amended to ensure robust analytical standards, adequate agency resources, and clear transitional protections.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

This persona would generally view the bill favorably as a tool to curb regulatory accumulation and lower burdens on energy development and markets.

They would praise automatic sunsets as forcing agencies to justify rules periodically and enabling removal of unnecessary constraints that hinder energy production and infrastructure.

They would appreciate the deregulatory exemption allowing permanent treatment for rules that reduce regulatory burdens.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood25/100

On content alone, the bill is a sweeping, ideologically salient deregulatory restructuring of multiple major federal programs. Such omnibus regulatory rollback mechanisms are typically contentious and difficult to pass without significant amendment, compromise, or packaging into larger must-pass legislation. The short time windows for existing regulations to be amended (90 days to impose 1-year sunsets) and lack of transition funding or explicit carve-outs reduce the bill’s immediate practicality and increase resistance from affected stakeholders and agencies, lowering its standalone chance of becoming law.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No official cost or implementation estimate is included in the bill text; agency capacity and resource needs to comply with the 90-day and ongoing extension requirements are unknown.
  • The bill’s interaction with judicial review doctrines and existing statutory obligations (e.g., statutes that impose independent duties or deadlines) is unspecified and could produce litigation that affects implementation.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize the risk that sunsets will remove environmental, safety, and climate protections; conservatives emphasize regulatory…

On content alone, the bill is a sweeping, ideologically salient deregulatory restructuring of multiple major federal programs. Such omnibus…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive change imposing a uniform sunset regime on a defined set of energy‑related agency regulations. It is precise in defining covered agencies and regulat…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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