S. 2873 (119th)Bill Overview

Undersea Cable Protection Act of 2025

Transportation and Public Works|Transportation and Public Works
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Sep 18, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends the National Marine Sanctuaries Act to prohibit the Secretary (acting through NOAA) from requiring an additional authorization for undersea fiber optic cables located in a national marine sanctuary when a federal or state license, lease, or permit already authorizes the installation, presence, operation, maintenance, repair, or recovery of those cables. It also authorizes NOAA to engage in interagency cooperation under existing section 304(d) when federal actions involve such undersea cables in a sanctuary.

Why people may split

Extent of environmental oversight: progressives stress loss of sanctuary-level protections; conservatives emphasize removal of duplicative regulation.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill succinctly and directly creates a substantive statutory prohibition removing the National Marine Sanctuaries Act-based authorization requirement for undersea fiber optic cables that have already been authorized by a Federal or State agency, and it locates implementation responsibility with the Secretary/NOAA.

The bill amends the National Marine Sanctuaries Act to prohibit the Secretary (acting through NOAA) from requiring an additional authorization for undersea fiber optic cables located in a national marine sanctuary when a federal or state license, lease, or permit already authorizes the installation, presence, operation, maintenance, repair, or recovery of those cables.

It also authorizes NOAA to engage in interagency cooperation under existing section 304(d) when federal actions involve such undersea cables in a sanctuary.

In short, the bill prevents sanctuary-specific permitting requirements from being applied to undersea fiber optic cable activities that have already been authorized by another federal or state agency, while permitting coordination among agencies.

Passage40/100

On content alone the bill is narrow, administratively focused, and fiscally light — qualities that tend to favor enactment. However, it expressly limits agency environmental authority in protected marine areas and lacks compromise features, which can provoke concentrated opposition from environmental stakeholders and raise hurdles in the Senate. The measure could advance if it secures coalition support from infrastructure stakeholders and key committee chairs, but its likelihood is tempered by potential controversy and the Senate's higher threshold for contentious measures.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill succinctly and directly creates a substantive statutory prohibition removing the National Marine Sanctuaries Act-based authorization requirement for undersea fiber optic cables that have already been authorized by a Federal or State agency, and it locates implementation responsibility with the Secretary/NOAA. The bill is legally compact and readable but leaves multiple operational, definitional, fiscal, and oversight details unspecified.

Contention70/100

Extent of environmental oversight: progressives stress loss of sanctuary-level protections; conservatives emphasize removal of duplicative regulation.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · CitiesFederal agencies · Local governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesReduces regulatory duplication by preventing sanctuaries from imposing an additional permitting layer when a Federal or…
  • Potential benefitLowers compliance costs and administrative burden for cable operators and service providers by eliminating the need to…
  • CitiesCould accelerate deployment, maintenance, and repair of undersea fiber infrastructure, supporting communications capaci…
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenReduces Sanctuary and NOAA authority to apply sanctuary-specific environmental protections and site-specific conditions…
  • Federal agenciesMay weaken environmental oversight because prior Federal or State permits could have different standards or incomplete…
  • Local governmentsLimits public input and sanctuary-specific stakeholder engagement that would normally occur during sanctuary permitting…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Extent of environmental oversight: progressives stress loss of sanctuary-level protections; conservatives emphasize removal of duplicative regulation.
Progressive25%

A mainstream progressive would likely view the bill skeptically because it restricts sanctuary-specific oversight for actions that can affect marine ecosystems.

While recognizing the public interest in reliable broadband and communications infrastructure, they would be concerned that the bill removes an important layer of environmental review and site-specific protections for national marine sanctuaries.

They would worry about cumulative impacts, damage to sensitive habitats and cultural resources, and diminished opportunities for public and Tribal consultation.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

A moderate would see clear administrative benefits in reducing redundant authorizations that can slow infrastructure projects, but would also be concerned that the bill too bluntly removes sanctuary-level review.

They would treat this as a compromise between streamlining critical communications infrastructure and preserving environmental safeguards, but with missing procedural detail that should be filled in.

A centrist would likely be open to support if amendments add explicit environmental safeguards, a clear interagency process, and protections for especially sensitive sites.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

A mainstream conservative would generally welcome the bill as a pro-infrastructure, deregulatory measure that prevents sanctuary managers from imposing additional permits and delays on undersea fiber optic projects already authorized by federal or state agencies.

They would emphasize the benefits of faster project timelines, reduced regulatory redundancy, and stronger legal predictability for private investment and national communications resilience.

Their main caveat would be ensuring that the measure does not create unneeded uncertainty for companies; they would be less focused on sanctuary-specific environmental protections unless national security or local stakeholders raise issues.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

On content alone the bill is narrow, administratively focused, and fiscally light — qualities that tend to favor enactment. However, it expressly limits agency environmental authority in protected marine areas and lacks compromise features, which can provoke concentrated opposition from environmental stakeholders and raise hurdles in the Senate. The measure could advance if it secures coalition support from infrastructure stakeholders and key committee chairs, but its likelihood is tempered by potential controversy and the Senate's higher threshold for contentious measures.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • How stakeholders (telecom industry, defense, conservation groups, coastal states, and tribes) mobilize for or against the bill and the intensity of their lobbying.
  • Whether committees (Commerce/Science/Transportation and potentially others) will hold hearings, add amendments, or limit the bill’s scope in markup; amendments could materially change passage prospects.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Extent of environmental oversight: progressives stress loss of sanctuary-level protections; conservatives emphasize removal of duplicative…

On content alone the bill is narrow, administratively focused, and fiscally light — qualities that tend to favor enactment. However, it exp…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill succinctly and directly creates a substantive statutory prohibition removing the National Marine Sanctuaries Act-based authorization requirement for undersea fiber op…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis