S. 325 (119th)Bill Overview

Coordinated Federal Response to Extreme Heat Act of 2025

Health|Air qualityAtmospheric science and weather
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jan 29, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Creates the National Integrated Heat Health Information System (NIHHIS) within NOAA and an interagency NIHHIS Interagency Committee to coordinate federal extreme-heat preparedness, planning, data, research, and communication. Requires a 5-year strategic plan within two years, open data stewardship, consultation with Tribes and jurisdictions, and quarterly committee meetings.

Why people may split

Adequacy of funding: seen as too small by left, acceptable baseline by centrist.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured administrative/operational measure that establishes organizational structures (NIHHIS and an interagency committee), provides membership and governance rules, requires a strategic plan with public reporting, and authorizes modest multi-year funding.

Creates the National Integrated Heat Health Information System (NIHHIS) within NOAA and an interagency NIHHIS Interagency Committee to coordinate federal extreme-heat preparedness, planning, data, research, and communication.

Requires a 5-year strategic plan within two years, open data stewardship, consultation with Tribes and jurisdictions, and quarterly committee meetings.

Authorizes $5,000,000 annually for NOAA for fiscal years 2025–2029 to support the program and committee activities.

Passage60/100

Small appropriation, technical public-health purpose, and interagency consultation make enactment reasonably likely if prioritized.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured administrative/operational measure that establishes organizational structures (NIHHIS and an interagency committee), provides membership and governance rules, requires a strategic plan with public reporting, and authorizes modest multi-year funding. It integrates with existing NOAA components and references relevant statutes.

Contention62/100

Adequacy of funding: seen as too small by left, acceptable baseline by centrist.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · Local governmentsFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesImproved interagency coordination could streamline federal heat-health responses and reduce duplicated efforts.
  • Local governmentsCentralized open data and forecasting may enable better local planning and research on heat-health impacts.
  • Federal agenciesFunding and new positions within NOAA may create federal jobs and research opportunities.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAuthorized funding totals $25 million over five years, a modest amount relative to nationwide heat risks.
  • Federal agenciesEstablishing new committees and systems may increase administrative burden and federal bureaucracy.
  • Federal agenciesPotential duplication with existing federal programs could create inefficiencies and interagency friction.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Adequacy of funding: seen as too small by left, acceptable baseline by centrist.
Progressive85%

Generally supportive: frames the bill as a necessary federal response to rising heat risks and public-health impacts.

Praises interagency coordination, Tribal consultation, open data, and a research focus, but views funding and concrete community protections as inadequate.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

Cautiously supportive: welcomes a coordinated, low-cost federal effort to address extreme heat.

Sees merit in data sharing and a strategic plan, but wants clear metrics, oversight, and evidence of cost-effectiveness before expanding scope or funding.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

Skeptical: concerned about creating federal bureaucracy and expanding NOAA's role into public health planning.

May accept forecasting and data-sharing elements but worries about mission creep, regulatory consequences, and recurring costs beyond the authorization.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood60/100

Small appropriation, technical public-health purpose, and interagency consultation make enactment reasonably likely if prioritized.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • CBO cost estimate and budget offsets absent
  • Committee prioritization and floor scheduling
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Adequacy of funding: seen as too small by left, acceptable baseline by centrist.

Small appropriation, technical public-health purpose, and interagency consultation make enactment reasonably likely if prioritized.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured administrative/operational measure that establishes organizational structures (NIHHIS and an interagency committee), provides membership and gove…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

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