S. 359 (119th)Bill Overview

Federal Employee Performance and Accountability Act of 2025

Government Operations and Politics|Congressional oversightEmployment and training programs
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Feb 3, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Creates a 5-year OMB-run pilot program to apply a performance-based pay system for 1–10% of eligible Executive branch employees (GS-11 through GS-15 and senior-level). Agencies must set annual productivity, quality, and timeliness metrics; OMB issues a standardized evaluation system; high performers may receive a 15% pay increase, low performers face a 15% pay reduction.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize worker protections and anti-discrimination safeguards

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clearly identified pilot program that alters pay administration for a subset of federal employees and pairs that change with reporting and assessment requirements.

Creates a 5-year OMB-run pilot program to apply a performance-based pay system for 1–10% of eligible Executive branch employees (GS-11 through GS-15 and senior-level).

Agencies must set annual productivity, quality, and timeliness metrics; OMB issues a standardized evaluation system; high performers may receive a 15% pay increase, low performers face a 15% pay reduction.

Participating employees lose eligibility for certain Title 5 pay adjustments while in the Program.

Passage30/100

Administratively framed but politically sensitive; pilot features help, yet pay cuts and title 5 exclusions make passage uncertain.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clearly identified pilot program that alters pay administration for a subset of federal employees and pairs that change with reporting and assessment requirements. It provides a number of concrete elements (eligibility bands, percent-based tiers, OMB responsibility, reporting cadence) appropriate to a statutory pilot, but leaves many operational, legal, and fiscal specifics unspecified.

Contention70/100

Progressives emphasize worker protections and anti-discrimination safeguards

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesCreates stronger financial incentives to reward high-performing federal employees with a sizable salary increase.
  • Potential benefitAims to improve measurable productivity and service timeliness through performance metrics and regular feedback.
  • Potential benefitProvides agencies flexibility to target performance pay at roles with clearly measurable outputs.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenGuaranteed 15 percent pay cuts for low-rated employees could reduce morale and increase turnover.
  • Potential burdenRemoving Title 5 pay adjustments may erode traditional civil‑service protections and pay progression.
  • Potential burdenDeveloping, implementing, and auditing objective performance metrics will impose administrative costs and burdens.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize worker protections and anti-discrimination safeguards
Progressive30%

Skeptical overall.

Supports accountability and pilot testing but worries the bill weakens Title 5 protections, risks pay cuts, and could harm worker rights, equity, and collective bargaining.

Would press for stronger safeguards, appeals, and anti-discrimination measures before supporting expansion.

Likely resistant
Centrist60%

Cautiously open.

Values the pilot approach and centralized evaluation, but wants clear, objective metrics and procedural protections.

Will weigh OMB/GAO findings and seek limits on harm to morale, legal exposure, and unintended budget effects before broader rollout.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

Generally favorable.

Likes increased accountability, stronger incentives, and removal of automatic Title 5 step increases for participants.

Supports pilot scope and agency discretion on bonuses and non-monetary rewards but may press to simplify administration and protect high-priority mission staffing.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Administratively framed but politically sensitive; pilot features help, yet pay cuts and title 5 exclusions make passage uncertain.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No CBO or formal cost estimate provided
  • Potential collective bargaining or legal challenges
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize worker protections and anti-discrimination safeguards

Administratively framed but politically sensitive; pilot features help, yet pay cuts and title 5 exclusions make passage uncertain.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clearly identified pilot program that alters pay administration for a subset of federal employees and pairs that change with reporting and assessment re…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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