S. 42 (119th)Bill Overview

Build the Wall Act of 2025

Immigration|Immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 9, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill creates a "Southern Border Wall Construction Fund" in the Treasury. It directs that all unobligated amounts in the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (sections 602 and 603 of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. 802 and 803) be immediately deposited into that Fund.

Why people may split

Whether ARPA funds can be repurposed from pandemic recovery

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill sets a clear and narrow substantive objective (create a Treasury account, transfer identified unobligated ARPA-era funds into it, and allow DHS to use the funds for southern border physical barriers) but provides minimal implementation detail, limited integration with existing legal frameworks beyond identifying the funding source, and almost no provisions for oversight, definitions, or procedural safeguards.

The bill creates a "Southern Border Wall Construction Fund" in the Treasury.

It directs that all unobligated amounts in the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (sections 602 and 603 of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. 802 and 803) be immediately deposited into that Fund.

Funds are to be used by the Secretary of Homeland Security to construct and maintain physical barriers along the southern international border of the United States.

Passage20/100

High fiscal impact and ideological salience, absence of compromise features, and legal/procedural obstacles produce low likelihood absent major political shifts.

CredibilityMisaligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill sets a clear and narrow substantive objective (create a Treasury account, transfer identified unobligated ARPA-era funds into it, and allow DHS to use the funds for southern border physical barriers) but provides minimal implementation detail, limited integration with existing legal frameworks beyond identifying the funding source, and almost no provisions for oversight, definitions, or procedural safeguards.

Contention75/100

Whether ARPA funds can be repurposed from pandemic recovery

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · StatesLocal governments · Federal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesProvides dedicated federal funding for construction and maintenance of physical barriers along the southern border.
  • StatesCould create construction and maintenance jobs in border-state areas during project phases.
  • Potential benefitUses unobligated ARPA funds rather than new appropriations or tax increases.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsDiverts unspent pandemic recovery funds away from state and local public health and economic programs.
  • Federal agenciesMay prompt legal challenges about federal authority to reallocate ARPA funds.
  • Potential burdenConstruction and barriers could damage sensitive border ecosystems and wildlife habitats.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether ARPA funds can be repurposed from pandemic recovery
Progressive15%

Likely strongly opposed.

This repurposes pandemic relief intended for state and local recovery toward construction of a border wall.

Concerns would focus on diversion of funds, community harms, environmental and tribal impacts, and lack of legislative detail or oversight.

Likely resistant
Centrist45%

Mixed and cautious.

Sees addressing border infrastructure as a legitimate federal interest, but is concerned about redirecting specially designated pandemic relief funds without clearer legal authority, cost estimates, or oversight.

Would want safeguards, transparency, and a demonstrated cost-effectiveness case.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Likely strongly supportive.

Views the bill as a practical step to secure the southern border and a reasonable reuse of unobligated pandemic funds.

Emphasizes sovereignty, law enforcement needs, and using existing federal resources rather than new taxes.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood20/100

High fiscal impact and ideological salience, absence of compromise features, and legal/procedural obstacles produce low likelihood absent major political shifts.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Legal permissibility of repurposing SLFRF funds under ARPA law
  • Total amount of unobligated SLFRF dollars available for transfer
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether ARPA funds can be repurposed from pandemic recovery

High fiscal impact and ideological salience, absence of compromise features, and legal/procedural obstacles produce low likelihood absent m…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill sets a clear and narrow substantive objective (create a Treasury account, transfer identified unobligated ARPA-era funds into it, and allow DHS to use the funds for s…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis