S. 456 (119th)Bill Overview

STEAM Act

Energy|Alternative and renewable resourcesElectric power generation and transmission
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
Feb 6, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill (STEAM Act) amends Section 390 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to add geothermal resources (referencing the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970) alongside oil and gas for purposes of NEPA review. It appears intended to streamline or clarify National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) treatment for geothermal exploration and development, particularly in previously studied or developed areas.

Why people may split

Liberals worry NEPA weakening and environmental/community protections

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that seeks to add geothermal exploration and development into existing NEPA-related provisions by modifying a specific section of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.

This bill (STEAM Act) amends Section 390 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to add geothermal resources (referencing the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970) alongside oil and gas for purposes of NEPA review.

It appears intended to streamline or clarify National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) treatment for geothermal exploration and development, particularly in previously studied or developed areas.

The amendments revise wording in subsections to include geothermal alongside gas and oil activities.

Passage55/100

Targeted, low-cost permitting tweak with modest controversy raises moderate prospects; implementation and Senate procedure are key constraints.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that seeks to add geothermal exploration and development into existing NEPA-related provisions by modifying a specific section of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Its purpose is stated clearly and it integrates directly with named statutes, but the drafting shows limited textual clarity in places and omits implementation detail, fiscal acknowledgment, and accountability provisions.

Contention65/100

Liberals worry NEPA weakening and environmental/community protections

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLocal governments · Cities

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesExpedites federal environmental review, shortening permit timelines for geothermal exploration in previously studied ar…
  • Potential benefitLowers compliance and administrative costs, making geothermal development economically more competitive.
  • Potential benefitEncourages private investment and may create construction and operations jobs in geothermal projects.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsShortened review processes could overlook localized environmental harms or cumulative impacts.
  • CitiesReduced scrutiny could increase risks to groundwater contamination and induced seismicity from geothermal operations.
  • Potential burdenFaster reviews may limit public comment opportunities and tribal consultation on specific projects.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals worry NEPA weakening and environmental/community protections
Progressive35%

Supportive of accelerating clean energy in principle, but wary because the bill appears to narrow NEPA review protections for geothermal projects.

Concern will focus on reduced environmental review, public participation, tribal consultation, and safeguards for water, wildlife, and seismic risks.

Would push for conditions ensuring robust mitigation, monitoring, and community input.

Likely resistant
Centrist60%

Sees value in streamlining permitting for renewable geothermal when done carefully; supports accelerating low-carbon, baseload energy while guarding against unintended consequences.

Wants specific criteria, transparency, and sunset or review provisions to prevent unchecked NEPA rollbacks.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Favorable: views the bill as a reasonable, pro-growth regulatory fix to hasten domestic energy development, including renewables.

Sees this as reducing unnecessary bureaucratic delay for projects in already-studied areas and boosting jobs and energy security.

Prefers minimal procedural barriers while maintaining basic safeguards.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood55/100

Targeted, low-cost permitting tweak with modest controversy raises moderate prospects; implementation and Senate procedure are key constraints.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No CBO score or cost estimate provided
  • Bill text fragmentary — exact statutory insertions partly ambiguous
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals worry NEPA weakening and environmental/community protections

Targeted, low-cost permitting tweak with modest controversy raises moderate prospects; implementation and Senate procedure are key constrai…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that seeks to add geothermal exploration and development into existing NEPA-related provisions by modifying a specific section of the…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis