S. 65 (119th)Bill Overview

Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025

Crime and Law Enforcement|Civil actions and liabilityCrime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 9, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill creates a federal concealed-carry reciprocity provision (new 18 U.S.C. 926D). It allows individuals not federally prohibited from possessing firearms who carry photo ID and a valid permit—or who may carry in their home State without a permit—to carry a concealed handgun in other States that either allow resident permits or do not prohibit resident concealed carry.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize erosion of State safety controls; conservatives emphasize expanded travel rights

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward substantive statutory change that establishes federal concealed-carry reciprocity by adding a new section to title 18.

The bill creates a federal concealed-carry reciprocity provision (new 18 U.S.C. 926D).

It allows individuals not federally prohibited from possessing firearms who carry photo ID and a valid permit—or who may carry in their home State without a permit—to carry a concealed handgun in other States that either allow resident permits or do not prohibit resident concealed carry.

Carrying is subject to the same conditions and limitations that apply to resident permit holders, but visiting carriers cannot be subject to individualized restrictions when a State permits such restrictions.

Passage30/100

Low fiscal burden but high ideological salience and federalism clash reduce chances; Senate procedural hurdles are the main barrier.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward substantive statutory change that establishes federal concealed-carry reciprocity by adding a new section to title 18. It clearly states its primary legal effect and provides basic structural elements (clause placement, effective date, severability).

Contention83/100

Progressives emphasize erosion of State safety controls; conservatives emphasize expanded travel rights

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Permitting process · StatesLocal governments · Permitting process

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Permitting processProvides clearer legal status for permit holders traveling across State lines.
  • StatesReduces the risk of criminal prosecution for lawful out-of-state concealed carriers.
  • StatesCreates more uniform recognition of concealed-carry credentials among qualifying States.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsReduces State flexibility to maintain stricter concealed-carry rules protecting local public safety.
  • Potential burdenMay expand concealed carrying into jurisdictions that previously restricted such carry.
  • Permitting processCreates enforcement challenges for police distinguishing resident versus nonresident permit conditions.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize erosion of State safety controls; conservatives emphasize expanded travel rights
Progressive10%

Likely strongly opposed.

The bill would override many State restrictions and could weaken State-level safety controls, particularly through the clause granting visitors 'unrestricted' permit parity.

It raises public-safety and federalism concerns and will likely be seen as expanding gun rights nationwide.

Likely resistant
Centrist45%

Mixed to cautious.

The centrist view recognizes travel and legal clarity benefits but worries about federalism, enforcement, and public-safety tradeoffs.

Key questions include how clause (c) interacts with State-imposed individualized restrictions, and whether training or background standards are preserved.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Likely strongly supportive.

The bill is seen as protecting Second Amendment rights across State lines and removing barriers for law-abiding, licensed carriers who travel.

It affirms that lawful carriers are not constrained by differing State rules when visiting permissive States.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Low fiscal burden but high ideological salience and federalism clash reduce chances; Senate procedural hurdles are the main barrier.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • How courts will interpret conflicts with state restrictions
  • Administrative burdens for enforcement and verification
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize erosion of State safety controls; conservatives emphasize expanded travel rights

Low fiscal burden but high ideological salience and federalism clash reduce chances; Senate procedural hurdles are the main barrier.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward substantive statutory change that establishes federal concealed-carry reciprocity by adding a new section to title 18. It clearly states its prim…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis