S. 76 (119th)Bill Overview

SMART Act of 2025

Government Operations and Politics|Administrative law and regulatory proceduresCompetition and antitrust
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 13, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires federal agencies to build and publish retrospective-review frameworks for major rules and to assess those rules within a time frame (no more than 10 years). It defines “major rule,” directs agencies to collect data and public input, requires publication of assessments within 180 days of completion, gives OMB (the Administrator) guidance and oversight authority, creates limited exemptions, and restricts judicial review to procedural publication compliance.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize risks to protections and OMB centralization

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-specified administrative reform that constructs clear procedural requirements for retrospective review of major rules and assigns oversight roles to agencies and OIRA.

The bill requires federal agencies to build and publish retrospective-review frameworks for major rules and to assess those rules within a time frame (no more than 10 years).

It defines “major rule,” directs agencies to collect data and public input, requires publication of assessments within 180 days of completion, gives OMB (the Administrator) guidance and oversight authority, creates limited exemptions, and restricts judicial review to procedural publication compliance.

The measure authorizes appropriations as necessary to implement these changes.

Passage45/100

Procedural regulatory reform can pass if packaged carefully, but limits on judicial review and broad OMB authority make passage uncertain without compromise.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-specified administrative reform that constructs clear procedural requirements for retrospective review of major rules and assigns oversight roles to agencies and OIRA. It is strong on definitions, required framework contents, assessment processes, timelines, and limited judicial-review mechanics.

Contention70/100

Progressives emphasize risks to protections and OMB centralization

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesIncreases agency accountability by requiring clear objectives, metrics, and published retrospective assessments for maj…
  • Potential benefitPromotes evidence-based regulation by mandating data plans and methodologies to evaluate actual benefits and costs.
  • Potential benefitMay reduce unnecessary regulatory burdens by identifying overlap, duplication, or obsolete requirements for modificatio…
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAdds administrative burden and costs to agencies to develop frameworks, gather data, and complete assessments.
  • Potential burdenCould delay issuance or implementation of major rules due to additional planning and assessment requirements.
  • Federal agenciesCentralizes oversight at OIRA, potentially increasing White House influence over agency regulatory priorities.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize risks to protections and OMB centralization
Progressive40%

Supports the concept of evidence-based review but is concerned about centralizing review power at OMB and narrowing judicial oversight.

Worries retrospective review could be used to weaken health, safety, environmental, or labor protections.

May condition support on strong public participation, rigorous methodologies, and funding for robust agency analyses.

Split reaction
Centrist65%

Views the bill favorably as a pragmatic step toward evidence-based government, increasing transparency and accountability.

Will seek clarity on implementation details, resource implications, and protections to avoid politicized or perfunctory reviews.

Supports OMB coordination but wants guardrails against overreach and undue delays in regulation.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Strongly favors mandatory retrospective review as a tool to reduce burdensome or ineffective regulations and to hold agencies accountable.

Appreciates OMB oversight and limited judicial interference preventing litigation-driven delays.

Generally sees the bill as streamlining regulatory governance and enabling potential deregulation of ineffective rules.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Procedural regulatory reform can pass if packaged carefully, but limits on judicial review and broad OMB authority make passage uncertain without compromise.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Absence of a formal cost estimate or agency compliance burden analysis
  • How stakeholders (agencies, regulated industries, public-interest groups) will respond
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize risks to protections and OMB centralization

Procedural regulatory reform can pass if packaged carefully, but limits on judicial review and broad OMB authority make passage uncertain w…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-specified administrative reform that constructs clear procedural requirements for retrospective review of major rules and assigns oversight roles to agencie…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis