S. 93 (119th)Bill Overview

Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2025

Environmental Protection|Aquatic ecologyEnvironmental assessment, monitoring, research
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 14, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageIntroduced

Held at the desk.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill updates the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act to expand federal coordination, monitoring, research, and response for marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia. It requires a national Action Strategy every five years, adds NOAA and EPA responsibilities, establishes a national observing network and an incubator program for mitigation technologies, expands tribal and subsistence protections, and authorizes funding for FY2026–2030.

Why people may split

Left emphasizes public health, tribal equity, and stronger pollution controls

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory update that meaningfully expands and clarifies federal roles, creates program authorities (observing network, incubator), and authorizes multi-year funding while integrating those changes into existing law.

This bill updates the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act to expand federal coordination, monitoring, research, and response for marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia.

It requires a national Action Strategy every five years, adds NOAA and EPA responsibilities, establishes a national observing network and an incubator program for mitigation technologies, expands tribal and subsistence protections, and authorizes funding for FY2026–2030.

Passage70/100

Modest cost, technical focus, builds on existing law and programs, includes consultation and limited authorizations—historically favored for passage.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory update that meaningfully expands and clarifies federal roles, creates program authorities (observing network, incubator), and authorizes multi-year funding while integrating those changes into existing law.

Contention55/100

Left emphasizes public health, tribal equity, and stronger pollution controls

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesFederal agencies · Permitting process

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitImproved monitoring and forecasting may reduce public health incidents and protect fisheries.
  • Federal agenciesEnhanced federal coordination could reduce duplication and deploy resources more efficiently.
  • Potential benefitThe incubator program could spur R&D and create private-sector jobs in mitigation technologies.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesIncreased federal spending raises budgetary outlays and requires annual appropriations.
  • Federal agenciesExpanded federal roles in freshwater management may raise state authority and jurisdiction concerns.
  • Permitting processFunding novel biological or chemical interventions could pose environmental or permitting risks.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left emphasizes public health, tribal equity, and stronger pollution controls
Progressive90%

Progressives would likely view the bill positively as strengthening science, monitoring, and protections for public health, fisheries, and subsistence communities.

They would welcome tribal and low-income community inclusion and prioritization.

They may press for stronger pollution controls and larger, sustained funding rather than primarily monitoring and pilot programs.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Moderates would generally support the bill's practical investments in coordination, data, and operational forecasting.

They will emphasize measurable outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and avoidance of duplicative programs.

They may seek clearer performance metrics, oversight, and demonstrated non-duplication of existing federal and state efforts.

Leans supportive
Conservative35%

Mainstream conservatives would be skeptical of expanding federal programs and new spending, viewing it as potential federal overreach and bureaucratic growth.

They may accept targeted support for fisheries and public health but worry about impacts on agriculture and state authority.

The bill's waivers of non-federal cost-shares and increased federal coordination would raise particular concerns.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Still ahead

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood70/100

Modest cost, technical focus, builds on existing law and programs, includes consultation and limited authorizations—historically favored for passage.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Whether appropriators will fund authorized amounts
  • Potential pushback from agriculture or fertilizer stakeholders
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left emphasizes public health, tribal equity, and stronger pollution controls

Modest cost, technical focus, builds on existing law and programs, includes consultation and limited authorizations—historically favored fo…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory update that meaningfully expands and clarifies federal roles, creates program authorities (observing network, incubator), and authorizes mu…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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