S. 984 (119th)Bill Overview

Fair Access to Agriculture Disaster Programs Act

Agriculture and Food|Agriculture and Food
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Mar 12, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S1706)

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to create an exception to certain statutory payment limits for persons or legal entities whose average adjusted gross income is at least 75% derived from farming, ranching, or silviculture. The exception applies to payments or benefits under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 and section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996.

Why people may split

Whether the exception benefits small farms or large operators

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly sets out a targeted substantive change by creating an exception to payment limitations for persons or entities deriving a large share of income from agriculture and specifies the payments covered.

This bill amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to create an exception to certain statutory payment limits for persons or legal entities whose average adjusted gross income is at least 75% derived from farming, ranching, or silviculture.

The exception applies to payments or benefits under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 and section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996.

The bill explicitly includes agritourism, direct-to-consumer marketing, sale of agricultural equipment, and other agriculture-related activities as qualifying income sources, as determined by the Secretary.

Passage30/100

Technocratic, targeted change with modest fiscal effects; more likely if packaged into a larger agriculture/farm-bill vehicle than as a standalone bill.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly sets out a targeted substantive change by creating an exception to payment limitations for persons or entities deriving a large share of income from agriculture and specifies the payments covered. The bill leaves substantial implementation detail to the Secretary and does not address fiscal impacts, verification standards, or accountability measures.

Contention50/100

Whether the exception benefits small farms or large operators

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
ConsumersFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitExpands eligibility for certain disaster and commodity payments to producers with predominantly agriculture-derived inc…
  • ConsumersAllows agritourism and direct-to-consumer farm businesses to access the same program benefits as commodity producers.
  • Potential benefitReduces disqualification risk for full-time farmers, potentially improving household financial resilience after losses.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesCould increase federal expenditures by exempting more payments from existing payment limits.
  • Potential burdenMay encourage income reporting changes or restructuring to meet the 75 percent agriculture-derived AGI threshold.
  • Potential burdenRequires USDA to verify AGI composition, adding administrative and compliance burdens for agencies and applicants.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether the exception benefits small farms or large operators
Progressive70%

Likely supportive of aiding people who truly depend on agriculture, especially small-scale and family farmers.

However, concerned the 75% income threshold and broad "other agriculture-related activities" language could be exploited by larger operators without stronger safeguards.

Leans supportive
Centrist60%

Views the bill as a pragmatic, narrowly focused fix to ensure disaster programs reach producers who depend on farming income.

Wants clearer definitions, implementation guidance, and fiscal estimates to avoid unintended consequences.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

Generally favorable because it restores access for producers who primarily rely on agriculture and reduces an arbitrary federal cap.

Still cautious about expanding federal payouts and wants strong proof to prevent fraud or benefits to large non-farm entities.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Technocratic, targeted change with modest fiscal effects; more likely if packaged into a larger agriculture/farm-bill vehicle than as a standalone bill.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No Congressional Budget Office cost estimate included
  • How Secretary will administratively verify 75% agriculture income
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether the exception benefits small farms or large operators

Technocratic, targeted change with modest fiscal effects; more likely if packaged into a larger agriculture/farm-bill vehicle than as a sta…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly sets out a targeted substantive change by creating an exception to payment limitations for persons or entities deriving a large share of income from agricultu…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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