H.J. Res. 16 (119th)Bill Overview

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States extending the right to vote to citizens sixteen years of age or older.

Joint ResolutionGovernment Operations and Politics|Age discriminationConstitution and constitutional amendments
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jan 9, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Joint ResolutionWhat this resolution actually does

This resolution proposes a new amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would give citizens aged sixteen and older the right to vote and would repeal the existing amendment that sets the voting age at eighteen. If approved by the required supermajorities in Congress and ratified by the states, the proposed amendment would become part of the Constitution. The text also gives Congress the authority to pass laws to enforce the amendment.

Passage rules

A constitutional amendment joint resolution must be approved by two-thirds of both the House and the Senate and is not sent to the President; after congressional approval it must be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures (or state conventions). This particular proposal includes a seven-year deadline for state ratification.

This joint resolution proposes a Constitutional amendment to repeal the 26th Amendment and extend the right to vote to U.S. citizens aged sixteen or older.

It gives Congress power to enforce the amendment by appropriate legislation and requires ratification by three-fourths of states within seven years.

Passage6/100

As a constitutional amendment changing voter eligibility, it faces very high procedural thresholds and likely partisan resistance; state ratification is a large additional barrier.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill presents a clear and narrowly drafted constitutional amendment: it repeals the 26th Amendment, establishes an explicit right to vote for citizens 16 and older, and includes a ratification timeframe and a congressional enforcement clause. It provides the essential constitutional text without operational detail.

Contention75/100

Whether 16-year-olds have sufficient maturity and independence

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
SchoolsStates

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitExtends voting rights to all citizens aged sixteen and older, expanding civil rights protections.
  • Potential benefitLikely increases voter registration and turnout among sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds.
  • SchoolsStrengthens incentives for civic education programs in secondary schools and public curricula.
Likely burdened
  • StatesIncreases state election administration costs for registration, education, and ballot processing.
  • Potential burdenConcerns that sixteen-year-olds may lack maturity and life experience for responsible voting.
  • Potential burdenPotential for intensified targeting and influence of youth by campaigns and interest groups.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether 16-year-olds have sufficient maturity and independence
Progressive90%

Likely broadly supportive as an expansion of democratic participation for a cohort with long-term stakes in public policy.

Sees youth enfranchisement as a means to increase civic engagement and representation on issues like climate and education.

Would push for complementary measures like civics education and access protections.

Leans supportive
Centrist55%

Cautiously open but pragmatic; welcomes increased participation in principle while seeking evidence and practical plans.

Wants clear implementation details, cost estimates, and safeguards to ensure votes reflect independent judgment.

Favors compromise measures and phased approaches if needed.

Split reaction
Conservative15%

Likely opposed or skeptical, viewing the amendment as lowering maturity standards and expanding federal oversight of elections.

Concerns focus on readiness of 16-year-olds, possible politicization in schools, and partisan consequences.

Prefers states retain control and resists federal enforcement overreach.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood6/100

As a constitutional amendment changing voter eligibility, it faces very high procedural thresholds and likely partisan resistance; state ratification is a large additional barrier.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Public opinion intensity and mobilization around youth voting
  • Ability to secure two-thirds majorities in each chamber
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether 16-year-olds have sufficient maturity and independence

As a constitutional amendment changing voter eligibility, it faces very high procedural thresholds and likely partisan resistance; state ra…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill presents a clear and narrowly drafted constitutional amendment: it repeals the 26th Amendment, establishes an explicit right to vote for citizens 16 and older, and in…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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