H.R. 788 (119th)Bill Overview

DOE and SBA Research Act

Commerce|CommerceCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 28, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires the Secretary of Energy and the Small Business Administration Administrator to enter into one or more memoranda of understanding to carry out joint, cross-cutting research and development activities that include small businesses. It permits reimbursable agreements and interagency collaboration, requires a report to Congress within two years, mandates consistency with federal research security law, and authorizes no new appropriations.

Why people may split

Left emphasizes climate and small-business inclusion; right emphasizes federal overreach risks.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise administrative directive that appropriately focuses on establishing interagency agreements and a reporting requirement, with reasonable integration into existing law and an explicit prohibition on new appropriations.

The bill requires the Secretary of Energy and the Small Business Administration Administrator to enter into one or more memoranda of understanding to carry out joint, cross-cutting research and development activities that include small businesses.

It permits reimbursable agreements and interagency collaboration, requires a report to Congress within two years, mandates consistency with federal research security law, and authorizes no new appropriations.

Passage75/100

Low-cost, administrative interagency cooperation with reporting and no new funding is historically likely to be enacted absent procedural obstacles.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise administrative directive that appropriately focuses on establishing interagency agreements and a reporting requirement, with reasonable integration into existing law and an explicit prohibition on new appropriations.

Contention38/100

Left emphasizes climate and small-business inclusion; right emphasizes federal overreach risks.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Small businesses · Federal agenciesFederal agencies · Small businesses

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Small businessesIncreased inclusion of small businesses in Department of Energy research, potentially expanding commercialization and c…
  • Federal agenciesImproved interagency coordination could accelerate technology development, deployment, and related job creation in ener…
  • Federal agenciesAuthority for reimbursable agreements enables leveraging non‑federal funds and private partnerships for specific R&D pr…
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesNo new funding could constrain program scale, requiring reallocation of existing agency funds.
  • Potential burdenDeveloping and managing MOUs and agreements may increase administrative workload and compliance costs.
  • Small businessesBroad 'as appropriate' inclusion language risks inconsistent small business participation across programs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left emphasizes climate and small-business inclusion; right emphasizes federal overreach risks.
Progressive75%

Generally favorable: views coordinated DOE–SBA R&D as a way to expand clean-tech and equitable small business access to federal R&D.

Concerned the absence of new appropriations may make the effort symbolic rather than substantive.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Cautiously supportive: appreciates coordination and small business inclusion while valuing the no-new-appropriations approach.

Wants clear metrics, oversight, and efficiency to prevent wasteful bureaucracy.

Leans supportive
Conservative40%

Skeptical but not uniformly opposed: notes benefit to small businesses and the absence of new appropriations, but worries about expanded federal coordination, mission creep, and regulatory impacts from DOE involvement.

Split reaction
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood75/100

Low-cost, administrative interagency cooperation with reporting and no new funding is historically likely to be enacted absent procedural obstacles.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Senate floor scheduling and potential senator holds
  • Whether MOUs will trigger future appropriations needs
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

HOUSE · Feb 26, 2025
Fast-track passage✓ PassedBipartisanNear-unanimous
2/3 majority required

The House fast-tracked this bill — skipping normal debate — and it passed with a two-thirds majority. It now moves to the Senate.

What is a fast-track passage?

Suspending the rules allows the House to bypass normal debate procedures and pass a bill immediately with a two-thirds vote.

Yes 99% No 1%
Against party line
Showing a quick cross-section of legislators, with followed members first when available.
06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left emphasizes climate and small-business inclusion; right emphasizes federal overreach risks.

Low-cost, administrative interagency cooperation with reporting and no new funding is historically likely to be enacted absent procedural o…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise administrative directive that appropriately focuses on establishing interagency agreements and a reporting requirement, with reasonable integration into…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis