S. 1731 (119th)Bill Overview

COUNTER Act of 2025

International Affairs|Advisory bodiesAsia
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
May 13, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 96.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill requires the Director of National Intelligence to produce an assessment of risks from People’s Republic of China (PRC) overseas basing within 180 days. The Secretary of State, coordinating with the Secretary of Defense and other senior officials, must deliver a strategy within 180 days identifying at least five locations of chief concern, listing involved agencies and resource needs, and describing mitigation and prevention efforts.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize diplomacy and human-rights safeguards, fearing militarization.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a detailed reporting and strategy mandate: it clearly defines the problem, prescribes concrete deliverables with deadlines, and creates an interagency vehicle and recurring review process, but it stops short of supplying implementation authorities or funding.

This bill requires the Director of National Intelligence to produce an assessment of risks from People’s Republic of China (PRC) overseas basing within 180 days.

The Secretary of State, coordinating with the Secretary of Defense and other senior officials, must deliver a strategy within 180 days identifying at least five locations of chief concern, listing involved agencies and resource needs, and describing mitigation and prevention efforts.

It mandates creation of an interagency task force to implement the strategy and quadrennial reviews to update the approach.

Passage55/100

Modest-to-strong chance: narrowly scoped, oversight-oriented, low fiscal impact, and implementable; potential amendments or political contention about China policy create uncertainty.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a detailed reporting and strategy mandate: it clearly defines the problem, prescribes concrete deliverables with deadlines, and creates an interagency vehicle and recurring review process, but it stops short of supplying implementation authorities or funding.

Contention55/100

Liberals emphasize diplomacy and human-rights safeguards, fearing militarization.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitCreates a focused intelligence assessment of PRC basing risks to U.S. and allied military operations.
  • Federal agenciesEstablishes an interagency strategy and task force for coordinated prevention and mitigation actions overseas.
  • Potential benefitProvides policymakers clearer, actionable options to influence partner decisions about hosting PRC military access.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenMay heighten geopolitical tensions with the PRC and with countries under U.S. scrutiny.
  • Potential burdenRisks complicating U.S. diplomatic relations with partner countries balancing sovereignty and PRC ties.
  • Potential burdenCould prompt additional defense and foreign assistance spending or reallocation of existing resources.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize diplomacy and human-rights safeguards, fearing militarization.
Progressive70%

Likely supportive of a measured federal strategy to limit PRC military expansion, but wary of over-militarization.

Prefers diplomacy, development, and allied cooperation prioritized alongside security measures.

Concerned about transparency, human rights, and avoiding escalation or civilian harms.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

Views the bill as a pragmatic, oversight-focused step to address a strategic problem.

Likes the deadlines, interagency task force, and quadrennial reviews, but seeks clarity on costs, authorities, and measurable outcomes.

Cautious about provoking unnecessary escalation.

Leans supportive
Conservative90%

Strongly supports action to counter PRC basing ambitions and protect U.S. strategic interests.

Sees the bill as a necessary platform for tougher measures, but likely wants faster implementation, clearer authorities, and explicit funding to back the strategy.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood55/100

Modest-to-strong chance: narrowly scoped, oversight-oriented, low fiscal impact, and implementable; potential amendments or political contention about China policy create uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No explicit funding or appropriation language included
  • Possible floor amendments adding mandates or spending
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize diplomacy and human-rights safeguards, fearing militarization.

Modest-to-strong chance: narrowly scoped, oversight-oriented, low fiscal impact, and implementable; potential amendments or political conte…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a detailed reporting and strategy mandate: it clearly defines the problem, prescribes concrete deliverables with deadlines, and creates an interagency vehicle and…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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