S. 412 (119th)Bill Overview

Plum Island Preservation Act

Government Operations and Politics|Congressional oversightGovernment buildings, facilities, and property
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Feb 5, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Plum Island Preservation Act designates the consolidated federal asset known as Plum Island, New York, for perpetual protection for ecological conservation, historical and cultural discovery, and public access. Within 180 days the GSA Administrator, consulting DHS, DOI, state agencies, Tribal governments, and other stakeholders, must begin visioning sessions to inform a future ecological management plan.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize permanent ecological and cultural protection.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly sets out protective purposes and assigns responsibility for initiating planning and reporting, but it provides only modest procedural measures rather than concrete legal, fiscal, or enforcement mechanisms necessary to effectuate a substantive, perpetual protection of federal property.

The Plum Island Preservation Act designates the consolidated federal asset known as Plum Island, New York, for perpetual protection for ecological conservation, historical and cultural discovery, and public access.

Within 180 days the GSA Administrator, consulting DHS, DOI, state agencies, Tribal governments, and other stakeholders, must begin visioning sessions to inform a future ecological management plan.

The Administrator must annually report to specified congressional committees about participants, topics, outcomes, timelines, and recommendations until one year after those visioning sessions finish.

Passage40/100

Low fiscal and regulatory footprint and narrow scope favor enactment, but procedural hurdles, potential legal conflicts over disposition authority, and need for committee and floor time reduce odds.

CredibilityMisaligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly sets out protective purposes and assigns responsibility for initiating planning and reporting, but it provides only modest procedural measures rather than concrete legal, fiscal, or enforcement mechanisms necessary to effectuate a substantive, perpetual protection of federal property.

Contention55/100

Progressives emphasize permanent ecological and cultural protection.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedLocal governments · Federal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitLong‑term ecological protection of island habitats and species, reducing future development pressures.
  • Potential benefitPreservation and interpretation of Plum Island’s historical and cultural resources for public benefit.
  • Potential benefitMaintains and potentially expands public access, supporting recreation and heritage tourism.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsPerpetual protection may limit future sale or private development options, reducing local revenue opportunities.
  • Federal agenciesFederal agencies could incur unfunded management, maintenance, or environmental remediation obligations.
  • Potential burdenVisioning and reporting requirements could impose administrative burdens and slow implementation timelines.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize permanent ecological and cultural protection.
Progressive95%

Likely strongly supportive because the bill prioritizes ecological conservation, cultural heritage, and stakeholder consultation, including Tribal engagement.

It frames permanent protection and planning, aligning with preservation and public-access goals, though advocates may seek stronger statutory protections and dedicated funding.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

Generally favorable but pragmatic: the bill advances conservation via inclusive planning and reporting while avoiding immediate heavy mandates.

Centrists will seek clarity on costs, timelines, federal vs. local roles, and any national-security implications tied to DHS interests on the island.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

Skeptical: while conservation can be acceptable, this bill permanently restricts a federal asset and expands federal management processes.

Concerns will focus on federal overreach, unclear costs, property-use limitations, and potential conflicts with homeland-security needs or local economic opportunities.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Low fiscal and regulatory footprint and narrow scope favor enactment, but procedural hurdles, potential legal conflicts over disposition authority, and need for committee and floor time reduce odds.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Whether committees prioritize and advance the bill
  • Existing statutory disposal authorities that may conflict
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize permanent ecological and cultural protection.

Low fiscal and regulatory footprint and narrow scope favor enactment, but procedural hurdles, potential legal conflicts over disposition au…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly sets out protective purposes and assigns responsibility for initiating planning and reporting, but it provides only modest procedural measures rather than con…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis