S.J. Res. 78 (119th)Bill Overview

Amendment Allowing Campaign Finance Limits and Public Financing

Joint ResolutionGovernment Operations and Politics|Government Operations and Politics
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Sep 17, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Joint ResolutionWhat this resolution actually does

This resolution proposes a change to the U.S. Constitution that would give Congress and state governments explicit power to limit and regulate money raised and spent to influence elections and to create public campaign financing systems. It would also let lawmakers treat corporations and other legal entities differently than individual people, including by banning those entities from spending money to influence elections, while preserving freedom of the press. The proposal does not become part of the Constitution unless three-fourths of state legislatures ratify it within seven years, so it does not change the law yet.

Passage rules

A constitutional amendment must be approved by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House and is not sent to the President; after congressional approval it must be ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states within the seven-year deadline set in the proposal.

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that would explicitly authorize Congress and the States to regulate and impose viewpoint-neutral limits on raising and spending money to influence elections, and to create public campaign financing systems.

It says Congress and the States may distinguish between natural persons and corporations or other artificial entities, including prohibiting such entities from spending money to influence elections.

It grants Congress and the States power to implement and enforce the amendment by legislation, and notes that nothing in the amendment shall be construed to grant power to abridge the freedom of the press.

Passage8/100

Content‑wise the amendment is broad and would materially alter constitutional constraints on campaign finance, a highly contentious area. Constitutional amendments historically face very high procedural and political hurdles; even well‑crafted, relatively narrow proposals rarely achieve the two‑thirds congressional threshold and three‑fourths state ratification. The amendment’s concise drafting and inclusion of "viewpoint‑neutral" and press‑protection language may help build some cross‑coalition support, but those features are unlikely to overcome the large consensus barrier required for a constitutional change.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this proposed constitutional amendment clearly states its purpose and grants broad authority to Congress and the States to regulate campaign finance and authorize public financing. It uses high-level standards (e.g., 'reasonable,' 'viewpoint-neutral') and delegates implementation to legislatures, but it provides minimal definitional detail, no fiscal or funding provisions for public financing, and no specific oversight or accountability mechanisms.

Contention72/100

Whether restricting or banning corporate and entity spending is a proper and constitutional way to reduce undue influence (liberal supportive; conservative opposed).

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesPermitting process · Taxpayers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesWould enable federal and state governments to enact and enforce stricter limits on private campaign contributions and e…
  • Potential benefitAuthorizes public campaign financing systems that supporters argue could increase participation by small donors and low…
  • Federal agenciesClarifies federal and state authority to regulate electoral spending and to distinguish between natural persons and cor…
Likely burdened
  • Permitting processCritics may argue the amendment permits restrictions that limit political speech and associational activity (including…
  • Potential burdenThe provision allowing prohibition of corporate or other artificial entities from spending to influence elections could…
  • TaxpayersPublic financing systems would involve direct government expenditures and administrative costs paid by taxpayers; oppon…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether restricting or banning corporate and entity spending is a proper and constitutional way to reduce undue influence (liberal supportive; conservative opposed).
Progressive90%

A mainstream progressive would generally view this amendment favorably as a constitutional fix to empower limits on big-money influence and to enable public financing.

They would see it as restoring legislative authority lost to judicial interpretation and enabling reforms to reduce the political influence of wealthy individuals and corporations.

They would welcome explicit constitutional authority to prohibit corporate election spending while noting the press protection clause.

Leans supportive
Centrist60%

A pragmatic centrist would see clear value in clarifying that legislatures can regulate campaign money and establish public financing, recognizing practical concerns about money in politics.

They would also be cautious about constitutional amendments and want concrete guardrails to prevent unintended restriction of political speech, unpredictable costs from public financing, and partisan misuse.

Overall they would be cautiously supportive if implementing legislation is narrowly tailored, transparent, and fiscally responsible.

Split reaction
Conservative20%

A mainstream conservative would likely oppose this amendment as a significant restraint on political speech and associational rights, particularly given the explicit allowance to prohibit corporate spending.

Even with the press protection clause, they would view the change as empowering government to regulate political expression and to expand public financing.

They would raise concerns about vagueness, partisan enforcement, and increased government control over political communication.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood8/100

Content‑wise the amendment is broad and would materially alter constitutional constraints on campaign finance, a highly contentious area. Constitutional amendments historically face very high procedural and political hurdles; even well‑crafted, relatively narrow proposals rarely achieve the two‑thirds congressional threshold and three‑fourths state ratification. The amendment’s concise drafting and inclusion of "viewpoint‑neutral" and press‑protection language may help build some cross‑coalition support, but those features are unlikely to overcome the large consensus barrier required for a constitutional change.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • How key stakeholders, coalitions, and interest groups would mobilize for or against limiting corporate or non‑natural person election spending is unknown and would strongly affect chances.
  • The amendment uses open standards ("reasonable," "viewpoint‑neutral") without definitions—this creates uncertainty about how courts would interpret future laws enacted under the amendment and how that would affect political support.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether restricting or banning corporate and entity spending is a proper and constitutional way to reduce undue influence (liberal supporti…

Content‑wise the amendment is broad and would materially alter constitutional constraints on campaign finance, a highly contentious area. C…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this proposed constitutional amendment clearly states its purpose and grants broad authority to Congress and the States to regulate campaign finance and authorize public financ…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis