S.J. Res. 31 (119th)Bill Overview

A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act".

Environmental Protection|Administrative law and regulatory proceduresAir quality
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 6, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageLaw

Became Public Law No: 119-20.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This joint resolution, enacted as Public Law No. 119-20, uses the Congressional Review Act (chapter 8 of title 5, U.S.C.) to disapprove and nullify the Environmental Protection Agency rule titled "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act" (89 Fed.

Reg. 73293, Sept. 10, 2024).

The resolution states that the specified EPA rule shall have no force or effect.

Passage45/100

Narrow administrative focus and clear implementation pathway help; partisan stakes and executive response create uncertainty.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention78/100

Progressives emphasize public-health protections and stricter enforcement.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersMaintains existing hazardous air pollutant controls for facilities classified as major sources.
  • Targeted stakeholdersPreserves public health protections tied to stricter Major Source emission standards.
  • Targeted stakeholdersReduces the risk of increased emissions from sources that would have been reclassified.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersMaintaining major source classification can increase compliance costs for affected facilities.
  • Targeted stakeholdersHigher compliance costs could create downward pressure on employment or investment in some sectors.
  • Targeted stakeholdersDisapproval restricts EPA’s flexibility to revise source classifications in response to new information.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize public-health protections and stricter enforcement.
Progressive95%

Likely supportive of the resolution because nullifying the EPA rule preserves stricter "major source" regulatory status under Section 112.

They will view this as protecting public health and maintaining hazardous air pollutant controls.

Some impacts are speculative because the underlying EPA rule text is not included here.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Mixed but leaning supportive: values public health protections while concerned about economic impacts and regulatory clarity.

Would want a clear assessment of which sources are affected and quantified costs before endorsing permanently blocking the EPA action.

Some effects are uncertain because the bill only nullifies the rule without offering an alternative.

Split reaction
Conservative10%

Likely opposed to the resolution because nullifying the EPA rule preserves stricter major-source regulation rather than reducing it.

They would prefer EPA's reclassification if it eased regulatory burdens on smaller sources.

Assessment depends on whether the EPA rule actually reduced unnecessary obligations; that detail is not explicit here.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Reached or meaningfully advanced

President

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Law

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Passage likelihood45/100

Narrow administrative focus and clear implementation pathway help; partisan stakes and executive response create uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Executive branch stance and potential veto threat
  • Timing constraints and CRA submission window applicability
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize public-health protections and stricter enforcement.

Narrow administrative focus and clear implementation pathway help; partisan stakes and executive response create uncertainty.

Unlocked analysis

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